American journal of preventive medicine
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Patterns of waterpipe smoking and associated other tobacco use were assessed among U.S. young adults (aged 18-24 years). ⋯ Waterpipe smoking is widespread among U.S. young adults. Although waterpipe patterns are predominantly intermittent, the average smoking session provides prolonged exposure. Waterpipe smoking among young adults is primarily characterized by the use of flavored tobacco, the café culture, and poly tobacco use. Rising trends in waterpipe smoking among U.S. youth warrant a strong regulatory response to prevent future waterpipe-related morbidity and mortality.
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Type 2 diabetes, prediabetes, and metabolic syndrome are highly prevalent in Hispanic individuals in the U.S. Cultural adaptations of traditional lifestyle interventions have been recommended to better reach this high-risk population. This systematic review examined the effectiveness of diabetes prevention programs for Hispanics in lowering risk for Type 2 diabetes, as evidenced by a reduction in weight or improvement in glucose regulation. ⋯ Culturally tailored lifestyle interventions for diabetes prevention appear to be modestly effective in reducing risk for diabetes in Hispanics in the U.S. More studies are needed that utilize randomized controlled designs, recruit Hispanic men, report intervention content and tailoring strategies systematically, and publish participant evaluation and feedback.
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Comparative Study
Economic Recession, Alcohol, and Suicide Rates: Comparative Effects of Poverty, Foreclosure, and Job Loss.
Suicide rates and the proportion of alcohol-involved suicides rose during the 2008-2009 recession. Associations between county-level poverty, foreclosures, and unemployment and suicide rates and proportion of alcohol-involved suicides were investigated. ⋯ Population risk of suicide was most clearly associated with county-level poverty rates, indicating that programs addressing area poverty should be targeted for reducing suicide risk. Poverty rates were also associated with increased alcohol involvement for men aged 45-64 years, indicating a role for alcohol in suicide for this working-aged group. However, negative associations between economic indicators and alcohol involvement were found for four groups, suggesting that non-economic factors or more general economic effects not captured by these indicators may have played a larger role in alcohol-related suicide increases.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study
Correlates of Patient Intent and Preference on Colorectal Cancer Screening.
Information is limited on patient characteristics that influence their preference among screening options and intent to be screened for colorectal cancer (CRC). A mechanistic pathway to intent and preference was examined through a formal mediation analysis. ⋯ Self-efficacy mediated the association between race, attitude, and test worries and patient intent.
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In the U.S., children from low-income families are more likely to be obese. The impact of parent modeling of physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviors in low-income American ethnic minorities is unclear, and studies examining objective measures of preschooler and parent PA are sparse. ⋯ Increasing parental PA and reducing sedentary behavior correlate with increased PA-related behaviors in children. However, more work is needed to understand the impact of high levels of parental MVPA on the MVPA levels of their children.