American journal of preventive medicine
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Frequent Nutritional Feedback, Personalized Advice, and Behavioral Changes: Findings from the European Food4Me Internet-Based RCT.
This study tested the hypothesis that providing personalized nutritional advice and feedback more frequently would promote larger, more appropriate, and sustained changes in dietary behavior as well as greater reduction in adiposity. ⋯ At 3 months, higher-frequency feedback produced larger improvements in overall diet quality as well as in body weight and waist circumference than lower-frequency feedback. However, only body weight and BMI remained significant at 6 months.
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There is an increasing need for the development of new methods to understand factors affecting delivery of preventive care. This study applies a new measurement approach and assesses clinic-level factors associated with preventive care delivery. ⋯ Approaches that use individual preventive ratios and aggregate prevention indices are promising for understanding and improving preventive service delivery over time. Health insurance remains strongly associated with access to needed preventive care, even for safety net clinic populations.
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Tobacco use disparities by sexual identity are well characterized among adults, but relatively less is known about tobacco use disparities in sexual minority youth. Moreover, no national study has reported tobacco use behaviors among gender minority (e.g., transgender) youth. ⋯ Sexual minority youth and transgender youth are more likely to use tobacco products compared with their nonminority peers. Similar to patterns among adults, this is especially true for female sexual minority youth. This information is useful for developing communication and education efforts to prevent youth tobacco initiation in these high-risk groups.
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Intimate partner violence (IPV) results in deaths of both primary and corollary (i.e., nonintimate partner) victims. Alcohol use is a known risk factor for IPV, yet the relationship between alcohol policies and IPV homicides is unclear. This repeated cross-sectional study characterizes alcohol involvement, and the relationship between alcohol policies and alcohol involvement, among victims of IPV homicides in the U.S. ⋯ Alcohol use was prevalent among victims of IPV homicide, and more-restrictive alcohol policies were associated with reduced odds of alcohol involvement. Strengthening alcohol policies is a promising strategy to reduce alcohol-involved IPV homicide victimization.
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Personalized guns are touted as a technology that could substantially reduce firearm-related deaths. However, limited research has examined the desirability of personalized guns among current gun owners or the factors influencing the likelihood of purchase if personalized guns were available. ⋯ Current gun owners expressed modest interest in purchasing personalized guns with radio frequency identification technology. Because gun owners interested in personalized guns appear more safety conscious, the potential benefit of personalized guns in these homes may be limited.