American journal of preventive medicine
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Although neighborhood crime has been associated with mental health problems, longitudinal research utilizing objective measures of small-area crime and mental health service use is lacking. This study examines how local crime is associated with newly prescribed psychotropic medications in a large longitudinal sample of Scottish adults and explores whether the relationships vary between sociodemographic groups. ⋯ Local crime is an important predictor of mental health, independent of individual and other contextual risk factors. Place-based crime prevention and targeting vulnerable groups may have benefits for population mental health.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Cardiovascular Disease Guideline Adherence: An RCT Using Practice Facilitation.
Practice facilitation is a promising practice transformation strategy, but further examination of its effectiveness in improving adoption of guidelines for multiple cardiovascular disease risk factors is needed. The objective of the study is to determine whether practice facilitation is effective in increasing the proportion of patients meeting the Million Hearts ABCS outcomes: (A) aspirin when indicated, (B) blood pressure control, (C) cholesterol management, and (S) smoking screening and cessation intervention. ⋯ Increasing the impact of practice facilitation programs that target multiple risk factors may require a longer, more intense intervention and greater attention to external policy and practice context.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Reducing Both Food Insecurity and Excess Body Weight in Costa Rican Women: A Cluster Randomized Trial.
The coexistence of food insecurity and excess body weight has been well documented in women. Both food insecurity and excess body weight have multiple consequences for physical and mental health. Concerns have been raised about interventions aimed to reduce food insecurity because these interventions might contribute to excess body weight, particularly in adult women. The purpose of this study was to develop, implement, and evaluate an intervention to simultaneously reduce food insecurity and body weight through alleviating discouragement-which women described as feeling sad, depressed, hopeless, and lacking drive to do important activities, such as finding a job or studying more-by increasing women's empowerment. ⋯ The intensive intervention was effective in simultaneously reducing food insecurity and excess body weight. Educational components should be added to interventions aimed to reduce food insecurity.
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Cigarette smoking remains more common among individuals with depression. This study investigates whether cigarette quit ratios and cigarette use prevalence have changed differentially by depression status during the past decade. ⋯ Quit ratios are increasing and smoking prevalence is decreasing overall, yet disparities by depression status remain significant. Disparities in quit ratio may be one contributing factor to the elevated prevalence of smoking among those with depression. Innovative tobacco control approaches for people with depression appear long overdue.
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This analysis evaluates trends in cervical lesions with human papillomavirus 16/18 detected by area-based measures of race, ethnicity, and poverty during 2008-2015. ⋯ Differences were observed in declines in the proportion of human papillomavirus 16/18 lesions by area-based measures since the introduction of human papillomavirus vaccines, with greater and earlier declines in areas with fewer residents living in poverty and racial minorities. Ongoing human papillomavirus vaccine impact monitoring is necessary to track differences by sociodemographic characteristics.