American journal of preventive medicine
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Exposure to violence victimization may help explain disparities of substance use among gender-nonconforming youth (i.e., those whose gender expression differs from societal expectations). ⋯ School-based substance use prevention programs may benefit from strategies that support gender diversity and reduce violence victimizations experienced by gender-nonconforming students, by providing a safe and supportive school environment.
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In July 2017, Oakland, California implemented a 1 cent/ounce sugar-sweetened beverage tax. This study examined changes in store marketing practices-advertising and price promotions-for sugar-sweetened beverages, artificially sweetened beverages, and unsweetened beverages following the introduction of the tax. ⋯ Rather than increasing marketing, retailers and manufacturers may have tried to offset revenue losses by reducing price promotions for sugar-sweetened beverages, particularly regular soda, and artificially sweetened beverages.
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Transgender and gender diverse individuals experience a variety of barriers to accessing culturally responsive care across different types of health services. This study develops and validates a scale to assess for trans-inclusive healthcare practices, which may be used in a variety of ways. ⋯ Findings suggest that the Trans-Inclusive Provider Scale may be useful in identifying providers' behaviors regarding inclusivity of transgender and gender diverse patients and provide growth opportunities at both individual and practice levels. It could also guide improvements after trainings or be used as a micro-intervention, allowing providers to assess behaviors and identify opportunities to improve.
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Although neighborhood crime has been associated with mental health problems, longitudinal research utilizing objective measures of small-area crime and mental health service use is lacking. This study examines how local crime is associated with newly prescribed psychotropic medications in a large longitudinal sample of Scottish adults and explores whether the relationships vary between sociodemographic groups. ⋯ Local crime is an important predictor of mental health, independent of individual and other contextual risk factors. Place-based crime prevention and targeting vulnerable groups may have benefits for population mental health.
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Low levels of physical activity are associated with several noncommunicable diseases. In Mexico, 39.5% of adolescents do not meet WHO physical activity guidelines. Previous literature suggests an association between perception of safety and physical activity. This paper examines the association between perceived crime and pedestrian safety and physical activity in Mexican adolescents. ⋯ Pedestrian safety was negatively associated with moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and sports participation in female youth. Environments with better lighting, crosswalks, and walking/cycle trails could increase physical activity in female youth.