American journal of preventive medicine
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E-cigarette use in young people has emerged as a public health concern in the U.S. Previous studies have shown that individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder are more likely to use conventional cigarettes. However, little is known about their use of E-cigarettes. This study examines the association of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder with E-cigarette and other tobacco product use among undergraduate and graduate students in the U.S. ⋯ Among U.S. undergraduate and graduate students, there is a significant association between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder diagnosis and current use of E-cigarettes. Health consequences of E-cigarette use among individuals with an attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder diagnosis warrant further investigation.
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The Community Preventive Services Task Force recommends engaging community health workers to increase breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer screenings on the basis of strong evidence of effectiveness. This systematic review examines the economic evidence of these interventions. ⋯ Engaging community health workers to increase cervical and colorectal cancer screenings is cost effective on the basis of estimated incremental cost-effectiveness ratios that were less than the conservative $50,000 per quality-adjusted life year threshold. In addition, quality-adjusted life years saved from colorectal screening with colonoscopy were associated with net healthcare cost savings.
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Health economic evaluations (e.g., cost-effectiveness analysis) can guide the efficient use of resources to improve health outcomes. This study aims to summarize the content and quality of interpersonal violence prevention economic evaluations. ⋯ Comprehensive data collection on violence averted and intervention costs in experimental settings can increase opportunities to identify interventions that generate long-term value. More comprehensive estimates of the cost of violence can improve opportunities to demonstrate how prevention investment can be offset through avoided future costs. Better adherence to health economic evaluation reporting standards can enhance comparability across studies and may increase the likelihood that economic evidence is included in violence prevention decision making.
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Diabetes incidence differs by race in the U.S., with a persistent reported Black-White disparity. However, the factors that contribute to this excess risk in middle-aged and older adults are unclear. ⋯ The racial disparity in diabetes incidence remained after accounting for individual and neighborhood factors. Further investigation of additional factors underlying this racial disparity is needed to inform multilevel strategies for diabetes prevention.
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Intimate partner violence and food insecurity are both structural drivers of HIV acquisition, care, and treatment, but little is known about how the 2 conditions intersect in the lives of those already living with HIV. ⋯ This study highlights the interconnected nature of intimate partner violence and food insecurity among women and men living with HIV. This relationship suggests that enhancing food security may be a useful intervention strategy to prevent intimate partner violence and improve HIV-related health outcomes.