American journal of preventive medicine
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Medical abortion is a safe, effective, and often preferred method of terminating an unintended pregnancy, but access can be made difficult by the laws of a state. Despite modern efforts to prevent unintended pregnancies in the U.S., they comprise almost half of pregnancies and 95% of abortions, signifying that abortion is a necessary and desired healthcare service. This study's purpose is to describe the proliferation of American medical abortion access laws between 2000 and 2018. ⋯ Although evidence demonstrates medical abortion's safety and efficacy, its access is increasingly limited by law in many states. Further research examining the impacts of these laws on women's health and the consequences of unintended births on women, children, families, and society is needed.
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Intimate partner violence and food insecurity are both structural drivers of HIV acquisition, care, and treatment, but little is known about how the 2 conditions intersect in the lives of those already living with HIV. ⋯ This study highlights the interconnected nature of intimate partner violence and food insecurity among women and men living with HIV. This relationship suggests that enhancing food security may be a useful intervention strategy to prevent intimate partner violence and improve HIV-related health outcomes.
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Human papillomavirus-vaccinated cohorts, irrespective of age, will likely reduce their subsequent screening requirements, thus opening opportunities for global cost reduction and program sustainability. The determinants of uptake and completion of a 3-dose human papillomavirus vaccination program by adult women in a European context were estimated. ⋯ Acceptance and schedule completion were largely dependent on recruitment method, achieved coverage of national vaccination programs, and personal relationship status. Knowledge of benefits and safety reassurance may be critical to expanding vaccination target ages. Study results suggest that there are no major opinion barriers in adult women to human papillomavirus vaccination, especially when vaccination is offered face to face in healthcare settings.
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E-cigarette use in young people has emerged as a public health concern in the U.S. Previous studies have shown that individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder are more likely to use conventional cigarettes. However, little is known about their use of E-cigarettes. This study examines the association of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder with E-cigarette and other tobacco product use among undergraduate and graduate students in the U.S. ⋯ Among U.S. undergraduate and graduate students, there is a significant association between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder diagnosis and current use of E-cigarettes. Health consequences of E-cigarette use among individuals with an attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder diagnosis warrant further investigation.
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The Community Preventive Services Task Force recommends engaging community health workers to increase breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer screenings on the basis of strong evidence of effectiveness. This systematic review examines the economic evidence of these interventions. ⋯ Engaging community health workers to increase cervical and colorectal cancer screenings is cost effective on the basis of estimated incremental cost-effectiveness ratios that were less than the conservative $50,000 per quality-adjusted life year threshold. In addition, quality-adjusted life years saved from colorectal screening with colonoscopy were associated with net healthcare cost savings.