American journal of preventive medicine
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Child abuse is associated with adult obesity. Yet, it is unknown how the developmental timing and combination of abuse types affect this risk. This report examined how distinct child and adolescent abuse patterns were associated with incident obesity in young adulthood. ⋯ Obesity risk in young adulthood varied by distinct abuse groups for women and less strongly for men. Women who experience complex abuse patterns have the greatest risk of developing obesity in young adulthood.
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Understanding educational patterns in excess mortality during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic may help to identify strategies to reduce disparities. It is unclear whether educational inequalities in COVID-19 mortality have persisted throughout the pandemic, spanned the full range of educational attainment, or varied by other demographic indicators of COVID-19 risks, such as age or occupation. ⋯ Pervasive educational inequalities in excess mortality during the pandemic suggest multiple potential intervention points to reduce disparities.
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Observational Study
Concordance in Adolescent and Caregiver Report of Social Determinants of Health.
Screening youth for negative social determinants of health is a widespread practice across healthcare settings in the U.S., with such systems almost exclusively relying on caregiver reports. Little work has sought to identify the social determinants of health adolescents identify as having the largest influence on their health and well-being or the extent to which adolescents agree with their caregiver. This study sought to (1) identify the most prevalent and influential negative social determinants of health, according to adolescent reports, and (2) assess concordance between adolescent and caregiver reports of social determinants of health. ⋯ A hybrid informant approach may be a best practice for social determinants of health screening among adolescents, whereby caregivers and adolescents report material needs, and adolescents report social and mental health needs. Future work should evaluate the concordance between adolescent and caregiver social determinants of health reports in other settings.
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Much of the heterogeneity in the rate of cognitive decline and the age of dementia onset remains unexplained, and there is compelling data supporting psychosocial stressors as important risk factors. However, the literature has yet to come to a consensus on whether there is a causal relationship and, if there is, its direction and strength. This study estimates the relationship between lifecourse traumatic events and cognitive trajectories and predicted dementia incidence. ⋯ These results suggest that researchers and clinicians should not aggregate traumatic events for understanding the risk of accelerated cognitive decline.