American journal of preventive medicine
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Enhancing Tobacco Quitline Outcomes for African American Adults: An RCT of a Culturally Specific Intervention.
This study tested the effectiveness of a culturally specific tobacco cessation video intervention among African American quitline enrollees. ⋯ Culturally specific tobacco interventions delivered through state quitlines can increase cessation and thus have the potential to decrease health disparities among African American adults.
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Despite widespread recognition among public health experts that childhood sugar-sweetened beverage consumption should be reduced, doing so has proven to be a challenge. An agent-based model of early childhood sugar-sweetened beverage consumption was applied to data from three high-quality, longitudinal cohort studies to gain insight into potentially effective intervention strategies across contexts. ⋯ There is untapped potential for strategies targeting children's sugar-sweetened beverage consumption in the home, but in some instances, other approaches might also yield meaningful effects. Tailoring approach to setting may be important, and agent-based models can be informative for doing so. This agent-based model has broad generalizability and potential to serve as a tool for designing effective, context-specific strategies to reduce childhood sugar-sweetened beverage consumption.
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Structural racism has clear and pernicious effects on population health. However, there is a limited understanding of how structural racism impacts young people's well-being. The objective of this ecologic cross-sectional study was to assess the relationship between structural racism and well-being for 2,009 U.S. counties from 2010 to 2019. ⋯ Structural racism-particularly of the kind that produces racialized poverty outcomes-has a meaningful adverse association with child and adolescent well-being, which may produce lifelong effects. Studies of structural racism among adults should consider a lifecourse perspective.
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This study examines the association between prior incarceration and health insurance status and whether living in a state adopting the Affordable Care Act (ACA) Medicaid expansion moderates this relationship. ⋯ The ACA Medicaid expansion was associated with a greater likelihood of public health insurance coverage for formerly incarcerated persons in the U.S. These findings suggest that Medicaid expansion could be critical in improving health insurance coverage among formerly incarcerated individuals who are a population that is more likely to be uninsured.
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Triglyceride-glucose index (TyG) is a reliable surrogate marker of insulin resistance, and insulin resistance has been implicated in Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology. However, the relationship between the TyG index and Alzheimer's disease remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the association of the TyG index with the risk of Alzheimer's disease. ⋯ This study showed that moderately elevated TyG index was independently associated with a higher incidence of Alzheimer's disease. TheTyG index might be used to define a high-risk population of Alzheimer's disease.