American journal of preventive medicine
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Review Meta Analysis
The Association Between Previous Influenza Vaccination and COVID-19 Infection Risk and Severity: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
Influenza immunisation may be associated with reduced risk of COVID infection (RR 95% CI 0.76-0.90).
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Review Meta Analysis
Allostatic Load and Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Allostatic load, a measure of stress-related physiologic dysregulation, is associated with numerous mortality risk factors. This systematic review and meta-analysis examines the relationship between high allostatic load (i.e., increased dysregulation versus low dysregulation) and mortality (cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality). ⋯ In this review of relatively good-quality studies, high allostatic load was associated with an increased mortality risk of 22% for all-cause mortality and 31% for cardiovascular disease mortality. Thus, allostatic load is an emerging and potent modifiable risk factor for all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality that shows promise as a prognostic indicator for mortality. The heterogeneity in allostatic load assessment across studies highlights the need for standardized measurement. The findings underscore the importance of allostatic load's dynamic nature, which may be especially relevant for mitigating mortality risk in younger adults. Because older adults are oversampled, future allostatic load research should prioritize younger adults and longitudinal monitoring and specific cardiovascular disease mortality risk associations and individualize behavioral and lifestyle targets for reducing allostatic load.
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Obesity prevalence among children and adolescents has risen sharply, yet there is a limited understanding of the age-specific dynamics of obesity as there is no single nationally representative cohort following children into young adulthood. Investigators constructed a pooled data set of 5 nationally representative panels and modeled age-specific obesity incidence from childhood into young adulthood. ⋯ Although many children become obese before the age of 10, obesity incidence rises from about 15 years into early adulthood, suggesting that interventions are required at multiple developmental stages.
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Social determinants of health influence the prevention, treatment, and progression of chronic diseases, including heart, lung, blood, and sleep diseases and conditions. Healthy People 2020 classifies Social Determinants of Health into 5 subcategories: (1) Neighborhood and Built Environment, (2) Education, (3) Economic Stability, (4) Social and Community Context, and (5) Health and Health Care. This study's goal is to characterize the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Fiscal Year 2008-2020 funding in overall Social Determinants of Health research and in the Healthy People 2020 subcategories. ⋯ This study identifies Social Determinants of Health grants funded by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute during 2008‒2020. Enhancing the understanding of these determinants and developing effective interventions will ultimately help to advance the mission of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Health Literacy, Numeracy, and Health Promotion: A Secondary Analysis of the Choosewell 365 Workplace Trial.
Health literacy and numeracy are linked to obesity and dietary behaviors. This study investigates whether the effect of a workplace behavioral intervention to prevent weight gain and improve diet differed by employee health literacy and numeracy. ⋯ A behavioral intervention improved cafeteria food choices of hospital employees of varying health literacy and numeracy levels and improved diet quality among employees with lower health literacy, suggesting this group also improved food choices outside of work.