American journal of preventive medicine
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Smoking is independently associated with erectile dysfunction and cardiovascular disease. Given existing similarities in the constituents of e-cigarettes or ENDS and cigarettes, this study examines the association between ENDS use and erectile dysfunction. ⋯ The use of ENDS seems to be associated with erectile dysfunction independent of age, cardiovascular disease, and other risk factors. While ENDS remain under evaluation for harm reduction and smoking-cessation potential, ENDS users should be informed about the possible association between ENDS use and erectile dysfunction.
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The use of long-acting reversible contraceptives is low among adolescents owing to the high up-front cost. In this study, a 5-year cost-effectiveness model and budget impact analysis were used to compare the use of long-acting reversible contraceptives with the use of combined oral contraceptives among Brazilian adolescents. ⋯ According to this Brazilian model, copper intrauterine device use is dominant, and levonorgestrel intrauterine systems and subdermal implants are more cost effective than combined oral contraceptives.
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Since human papillomavirus vaccine introduction, incidence rates of cervical precancers have decreased; however, the vaccine's impact on noncervical anogenital precancers has not been shown. These precancers are identified opportunistically and are not collected routinely by most cancer registries. ⋯ Opportunistically-detected high-grade vulvar and vaginal precancers among females aged 15-29 years decreased and anal precancers stabilized in years after the introduction of the human papillomavirus vaccine, which is suggestive of the impact of the vaccine on noncervical human papillomavirus cancers.
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Seasonal influenza vaccination among older adults is well below the recommendation of Healthy People 2020. Although geographic disparities in influenza vaccination are well documented, it remains unclear how community attributes correlate with influenza vaccination rates. Social vulnerability measures play an important role in interventions addressing vaccine equity; however, social vulnerability dimensions as corollaries of vaccination are poorly understood. To inform vaccine equity interventions, this analysis investigates spatially varying associations between county social vulnerability and influenza vaccination rate among Medicare recipients. ⋯ Medicare recipients in socioeconomically vulnerable counties have low influenza vaccination rates, particularly in select regions of the country. Best practices to improve vaccine access and uptake should be targeted and should explicitly consider local socioeconomic vulnerability.