American journal of preventive medicine
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In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, governments have implemented social distancing measures to slow viral transmission. This work aims to determine the extent to which socioeconomic and political conditions have shaped community-level distancing behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic, especially how these dynamics have evolved over time. ⋯ These results highlight the importance of dynamic socioeconomic and political gradients in preventive behavior and imply the need for nimble policy responses.
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Fall fatality rates among U.S. older adults increased 30% from 2007 to 2016. In response, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention developed the Stopping Elderly Accidents, Deaths, and Injuries algorithm for fall risk screening, assessment, and intervention. The current Stopping Elderly Accidents, Deaths, and Injuries algorithm with 2 levels (at risk and not at risk) was adapted to an existing cohort of older adult drivers. ⋯ The adapted Stopping Elderly Accidents, Deaths, and Injuries key questions for fall risk screening yielded fair predictive ability for falls over 2 years and were strongly associated with future falls for older adult drivers. The adapted Stopping Elderly Accidents, Deaths, and Injuries key questions can be applied to existing data in nonclinical settings to strengthen fall screening and prevention at a population level.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
A Community Health Worker-Led Multicomponent Program to Promote Cervical Cancer Screening in South Asian Women: A Cluster RCT.
South Asian women in Hong Kong have low cervical cancer screening uptake because of multiple barriers to utilizing health resources. Interventions that effectively modify the cancer screening behaviors of this population are warranted. This study evaluates the effects of a community health worker-led multicomponent intervention on improving cervical cancer screening uptake among South Asian women in Hong Kong. ⋯ A community health worker-led multicomponent intervention is effective in promoting cervical cancer screening uptake and in reducing barriers to cancer screening utilization among South Asian women in Hong Kong. Combining a community health worker-led intervention with multiple intervention components could be an effective strategy for developing interventions to increase cervical cancer screening in underserved populations.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
The Impact of a Lifestyle Intervention on Postpartum Weight Retention Among At-Risk Hispanic Women.
This study assesses the impact of a culturally modified, motivationally targeted, individually tailored intervention on postpartum weight retention among Hispanic women with abnormal glucose tolerance during pregnancy. ⋯ In this randomized trial among Hispanic women, no significant overall differences in weight change pattern between intervention arms were observed. Higher levels of self-reported physical activity were associated with greater weight loss in both arms.
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Studies of tobacco product warnings have focused primarily on the reach and effectiveness of cigarette warnings for adult smokers, whereas few observational studies have examined noncigarette tobacco product warnings among youth. ⋯ Warnings on noncigarette tobacco products reach some youth at risk for using these products, but these warnings may need to be strengthened to further reduce their use.