American journal of preventive medicine
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Clinical guidelines support physician intervention consistent with the Ask, Advise, Assess, Assist, Arrange framework for adults who have obesity. However, weight management counseling curricula vary across medical schools. It is unknown how frequently students receive experiences in weight management counseling, such as instruction, observation, and direct experience. ⋯ Overall exposure to weight management counseling was less than optimal. Medical school educators can work toward developing a more coordinated approach to weight management counseling.
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During a pandemic, there are many situations in which the first available vaccines may not have as high effectiveness as vaccines that are still under development or vaccines that are not yet ready for distribution, raising the question of whether it is better to go with what is available now or wait. ⋯ This study shows that there are relatively few situations in which it is worth foregoing the first COVID-19 vaccine available in favor of a vaccine that becomes available later on in the pandemic even if the latter vaccine has a substantially higher efficacy.
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This study aims to determine whether subway ridership and built environmental factors, such as population density and points of interests, are linked to the per capita COVID-19 infection rate in New York City ZIP codes, after controlling for racial and socioeconomic characteristics. ⋯ Point-of-interest destinations not only could facilitate the spread of virus to other parts of the city (through indirect effects) but also were significantly associated with the higher infection rate in their immediate neighborhoods during the early stages of the pandemic. Policymakers should pay particularly close attention to neighborhoods with a high proportion of crowded households and these destinations during the early stages of pandemics.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Effect of 2 Interventions on Cervical Cancer Screening Guideline Adherence.
This study sought to determine whether a provider mobile phone application, used with or without a patient educational tool accessed on a computer tablet, would promote adherence to guidelines for cervical cancer screening and management of abnormal cytology in young women. ⋯ Providing clinicians and patients with information on guidelines had no demonstrable effect on 18-month Pap and colposcopy rates in the regression model; however, results from the sensitivity analysis for the patient educational tool were encouraging.
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Heated tobacco products, also referred to as heat-not-burn tobacco, are among the latest products introduced to the market by the tobacco industry. However, data on heated tobacco product awareness and use from population-based probability surveys are limited. This study examines heated tobacco product awareness and ever use among U.S. adults. ⋯ Although the ever use of heated tobacco products is uncommon among U.S. adults, recent regulatory approval of the marketing of IQOS as modified risk tobacco products may increase use. Therefore, ongoing monitoring of heated tobacco products use and their long-term health consequences are important for informing future decision making.