American journal of preventive medicine
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Cluster Randomized Trial of a College Health Center Sexual Violence Intervention.
Sexual violence, particularly in the context of drinking, is prevalent on college campuses. This study tested a brief intervention to prevent sexual violence among students receiving care from college health centers. ⋯ Sexual violence exposure is high among students seeking care in college health centers. A brief provider-delivered sexual violence intervention, when implemented with fidelity, was associated with improved self-efficacy to use harm reduction and increased disclosure of sexual violence during clinical encounters but no increased use of services. More interventions that are stronger in intensity are needed to connect students to sexual violence services.
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Recent data suggest that the onset of cigarette smoking is now more likely during young adulthood than adolescence. Additionally, the landscape of delivering smoking-cessation interventions has changed in the past decade, with the emergence of mobile phone and web-based approaches. The objective of this study is to update a 2010 systematic review of smoking-cessation interventions for U.S. young adults (aged 18-24 years). ⋯ Of 32 included studies, 9 demonstrated efficacy of smoking cessation or reduction in U.S. young adults. There were no eligible pharmacologic interventions included in this review. Findings support the promise of 3 approaches for young adult cessation not included in the prior review: text message interventions, sustained quit-and-win contests, and multiple behavior interventions.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
The Strong Hearts, Healthy Communities Program 2.0: An RCT Examining Effects on Simple 7.
Rural women have higher rates of cardiovascular disease than their nonrural counterparts, partially because of their social and environmental contexts. The study objective is to test a refined version of the multilevel Strong Hearts, Healthy Communities intervention, which used extensive process and outcome evaluation data from the original randomized trial to optimize effectiveness as measured by improved Simple 7 score, a composite measure of cardiovascular disease risk. ⋯ These findings highlight the importance of rigorously evaluating programs in real-world community settings and, when appropriate, revising and retesting interventions to optimize dissemination potential.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Primary Care Cluster RCT to Increase Diabetes Prevention Program Referrals.
The Diabetes Prevention Program, an intensive lifestyle change program, effectively reduces the risk of progression from prediabetes to type 2 diabetes but is underutilized. An implementation study using formative research was undertaken to increase Diabetes Prevention Program referrals at a primary care clinic. ⋯ Intervention clinicians were more likely to make Diabetes Prevention Program referrals; however, the study lacked power to achieve statistical significance. Clinician interviews suggested that intervention components that triggered Diabetes Prevention Program referrals varied among clinicians.
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Recent guideline changes for lung cancer screening with low-dose computed tomography recommend smoking-cessation interventions be done in parallel with screening. The purpose of this study is to determine the post-guideline rates of smoking-cessation interventions among patients eligible and ineligible for lung cancer screening. ⋯ Smoking-cessation interventions increased after new lung cancer screening guidelines. Given the sizable adverse impacts of smoking on morbidity and mortality, small increases in the implementation of smoking-cessation interventions could have substantial public health benefits.