American journal of preventive medicine
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Prescription Drug Monitoring Program data can provide insights into a patient's likelihood of an opioid overdose, yet clinicians and public health officials lack indicators to identify individuals at highest risk accurately. A predictive model was developed and validated using Prescription Drug Monitoring Program prescription histories to identify those at risk for fatal overdose because of any opioid or illicit opioids. ⋯ A model for predicting fatal opioid overdoses was developed using Prescription Drug Monitoring Program data. Given the recent national epidemic of deaths involving heroin and fentanyl, it is noteworthy that the model performed equally well in identifying those at risk for overdose deaths from both illicit and prescription opioids.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Online Randomized Controlled Trials of Restaurant Sodium Warning Labels.
Policymakers are interested in requiring chain restaurants to display sodium warning labels on menus to reduce sodium consumption. This study examined the influence of label design on consumers' hypothetical choices, meal perceptions, and knowledge. ⋯ Traffic light and red stop sign warning labels significantly reduced sodium ordered compared with a control. Warning labels also increased knowledge about high sodium content in restaurant meals. Designs with warning text are likely to improve consumer understanding.
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The 2012 national cervical cancer screening guidelines recommended cessation of screening after age 65 years in women with adequate prior screening. In this retrospective cohort study, adherence to these screening exit guidelines was examined. ⋯ A considerable proportion of women did not have adequate prior screening by age 65 years. Of these, a large proportion did not receive screening after age 65 years, except those who had a recent abnormal screening result. Further research is needed to understand barriers for guideline adherence and rationales for clinical decision making.
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The purpose of this paper is to produce a position statement on intimate partner violence (IPV), a major sociomedical problem with recently updated evidence, systematic reviews, and U. S. Preventive Services Task Force guidelines. ⋯ The American College of Preventive Medicine (ACPM) recommends an integrated system of care approach to IPV for screening, identification, intervention, and ongoing clinical support. ACPM only recommends screening that is linked to ongoing clinical support for those at risk. ACPM recommends greater training of clinicians in IPV screening and interventions and offers health systems and research recommendations.
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Many smokers with chronic medical conditions use e-cigarettes. This study assessed the association between e-cigarette use and subsequent smoking-cessation efforts in adult smokers with and without chronic medical conditions. ⋯ At a population level, e-cigarette use by smokers with chronic medical conditions is associated with more quitting activity and smoking abstinence. Future studies are needed to assess e-cigarette safety and efficacy to determine whether they may provide an alternative smoking-cessation or harm-reduction strategy for adults with smoking-sensitive disease who cannot achieve these goals with other methods.