American journal of preventive medicine
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In the U.S., the burden of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and associated sequelae is substantial. HCV prevalence is highest among those born in 1945-1965 (Birth Cohort). Newly diagnosed infections are increasing in younger people concurrent with rising opioid/heroin use. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2012) and U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (2013) recommend HCV testing for at-risk individuals and one-time testing for the Birth Cohort. This study describes national trends in HCV antibody testing from 2005 to 2014. ⋯ Although the increased HCV antibody testing observed among the Birth Cohort from 2011 to 2014 likely reflects early adoption of updated national testing recommendations, overall testing remains low in this commercially insured population, indicating a clear need for improvement.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative Study
The Longitudinal Impact of an Internet Safety Decision Aid for Abused Women.
Women experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV) navigate complex, dangerous decisions. Tailored safety information and safety planning, typically provided by domestic violence service providers, can prevent repeat IPV exposure and associated adverse health outcomes; however, few abused women access these services. The Internet represents a potentially innovative way to connect abused women with tailored safety planning resources and information. The purpose of this study was to compare safety and mental health outcomes at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months among abused women randomized to: (1) a tailored, Internet-based safety decision aid; or (2) control website (typical safety information available online). ⋯ Internet-based safety planning represents a promising tool to reduce the public health impact of IPV.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
RCT Testing Bystander Effectiveness to Reduce Violence.
Bystander-based programs have shown promise to reduce interpersonal violence at colleges, yet limited rigorous evaluations have addressed bystander intervention effectiveness in high schools. This study evaluated the Green Dot bystander intervention to reduce sexual violence and related forms of interpersonal violence in 26 high schools over 5 years. ⋯ Implementation of Green Dot in Kentucky high schools significantly decreased not only sexual violence perpetration but also other forms of interpersonal violence perpetration and victimization.
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Asthma prevalence is reportedly higher among U.S.-born relative to foreign-born Hispanics/Latinos. Little is known about rates of asthma onset before and after relocation to the U.S. in Latinos. Asthma rates were examined by U.S. residence and country/territory of origin. ⋯ The effect of relocation to the U.S. on asthma risk among Hispanics is not uniform across Hispanic/Latino groups.
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Patterns of waterpipe smoking and associated other tobacco use were assessed among U.S. young adults (aged 18-24 years). ⋯ Waterpipe smoking is widespread among U.S. young adults. Although waterpipe patterns are predominantly intermittent, the average smoking session provides prolonged exposure. Waterpipe smoking among young adults is primarily characterized by the use of flavored tobacco, the café culture, and poly tobacco use. Rising trends in waterpipe smoking among U.S. youth warrant a strong regulatory response to prevent future waterpipe-related morbidity and mortality.