American journal of preventive medicine
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
Telephone Smoking-Cessation Counseling for Smokers in Mental Health Clinics: A Patient-Randomized Controlled Trial.
People with a mental health diagnosis have high rates of tobacco use and encounter limited availability of tobacco treatment targeted to their needs. This study compared the effectiveness of a specialized telephone smoking-cessation intervention developed for mental health patients with standard state quit-line counseling. ⋯ The specialized counseling intervention was more effective at helping patients quit than transfer to a state quit-line. Patients were more satisfied with the specialized counseling program.
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Pregnant women are at risk for influenza-related complications and have been recommended for vaccination by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) since 1990. Annual rates of influenza coverage of pregnant women have been consistently low. The Vaccine Safety Datalink was used to assess influenza vaccine coverage over 10 consecutive years (2002-2012); assess patterns related to changes in ACIP recommendations; identify predictors of vaccination; and compare the results with those published by national U.S. surveys. ⋯ Influenza vaccination coverage among pregnant women increased between the 2002-2003 and 2011-2012 seasons, although it was still below the developmental Healthy People 2020 goal of 80%. The 2004 ACIP language change positively impacted first-trimester vaccination uptake. Vaccine Safety Datalink data estimates were consistent with U.S. estimates.
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Mobility is reduced in people with sensory impairments and those with arthritis. The combined impact of these conditions may be underappreciated. This study examines the associations between impairments in vision, hearing, and balance and functional ability in adults with versus without arthritis. ⋯ Addressing sensory deficits, especially difficulties with vision, may improve functional ability, which may be particularly helpful for adults with arthritis.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study
Improving Suicide Risk Screening and Detection in the Emergency Department.
The Emergency Department Safety Assessment and Follow-up Evaluation Screening Outcome Evaluation examined whether universal suicide risk screening is feasible and effective at improving suicide risk detection in the emergency department (ED). ⋯ Universal suicide risk screening in the ED was feasible and led to a nearly twofold increase in risk detection. If these findings remain true when scaled, the public health impact could be tremendous, because identification of risk is the first and necessary step for preventing suicide.
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Racial and ethnic minorities experience greater burden of unintended pregnancy in the U.S. This study examined the factors associated with racial and ethnic disparities in unintended pregnancy among women in the U.S. using the social ecological model. ⋯ Given that the results showed factors at different levels of the social ecological model contribute to racial and ethnic disparities in unintended pregnancy, interventions that aim to reduce these disparities should target at-risk groups of women such as younger, unmarried, lower-income, less-educated, non-U.S. born women and uninsured or publicly insured women.