Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association
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Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. · Mar 2012
Comparative StudySevere acute kidney injury not treated with renal replacement therapy: characteristics and outcome.
Only a proportion of critically ill patients with severe [RIFLE (Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss, End-stage renal disease) criteria, class-F] acute kidney injury (AKI) appear to receive renal replacement therapy (RRT). The aim of this study was to study the characteristics and outcome of patients with severe (RIFLE-F) AKI who did not receive RRT. ⋯ After exclusion of LOMT patients, about a third of critically ill patients with severe (RIFLE-F) AKI did not receive RRT. A third of these patients died in hospital. The timing of the deaths and their underlying causes do not suggest that a broader application of RRT would have changed patient outcomes.
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Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. · Mar 2012
Comparative StudyPharmacokinetics of sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin (SBECD) in subjects on hemodialysis.
The disposition of sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin (SBECD), the solubilizing excipient in intravenous (i.v.) voriconazole, was assessed in seven male subjects with end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis and six subjects with normal renal function. ⋯ Hemodialysis can significantly reduce levels of SBECD in subjects with end-stage renal disease.
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Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. · Mar 2012
ReviewSignificance of hypo- and hypernatremia in chronic kidney disease.
Both hypo- and hypernatremia are common conditions, especially in hospitalized patients and in patients with various comorbid conditions such as congestive heart failure or liver cirrhosis. Abnormal serum sodium levels have been associated with increased mortality in numerous observational studies. ⋯ To date, there has been a paucity of population-wide assessments of the incidence and prevalence of dysnatremias, their clinical characteristics and the outcomes associated with them in patients with various stages of CKD. We review the physiology and pathophysiology of water homeostasis with special emphasis on changes occurring in CKD, the outcomes associated with abnormal serum sodium in patients with normal kidney function and the results of recent studies in patients with various stages of CKD, which indicate a substantial incidence and prevalence and significant adverse outcomes associated with dysnatremias in this patient population.
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Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. · Mar 2012
Clinical relevance of HLA donor-specific antibodies detected by single antigen assay in kidney transplantation.
Clinical relevance of donor-specific antibodies (DSAs) detected by a single antigen Luminex virtual crossmatch in pre-transplant serum samples from patients with a negative cytotoxicity-dependent complement crossmatch is controversial. The aim of this study was to analyse the influence of a pre-transplant positive virtual crossmatch in the outcome of kidney transplantation. ⋯ The presence of preformed HLA DSA in transplanted patients with a negative cytotoxicity crossmatch is associated with a lower allograft survival. The detection of anti-HLA with no DSA has no influence in the graft outcome. Finally, there were no demonstrable effects of mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) values >1500 on graft survival.
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Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. · Mar 2012
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialEffect of the intensity of continuous renal replacement therapy in patients with sepsis and acute kidney injury: a single-center randomized clinical trial.
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a major complication in patients with sepsis and is an independent predictor of mortality. However, the optimal intensity of renal replacement therapy for such patients is still controversial. ⋯ In patients with sepsis and AKI, increasing the intensity of renal replacement therapy from 50 (HVHF) to 85 mL/kg/h (EHVHF) had no effect on survival at 28 and 90 days.