Pediatric nephrology : journal of the International Pediatric Nephrology Association
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The effectiveness of intermittent low-dose trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) for the prophylaxis of recurrent urinary infection is well established in adults. The present study assessed the effectiveness and safety of intermittent low-dose TMP-SMZ in 35 children (24 boys, 11 girls, aged 1 month to 9 years, median age 5 months) with vesicoureteral reflux; 18 children had bilateral reflux. A total of 53 refluxing ureters were graded as I in 2, II in 16, III in 19, IV in 14, and V in 2 cases. ⋯ Both girls were over 3 years and had a mildly unstable bladder. Transient neutropenia (< 1,000/microliter) developed in 2 infants during the prophylaxis period, but disappeared spontaneously. Intermittent low-dose TMP-SMZ seemed very effective for the prevention of recurrent urinary infection in children with ureteral reflux even of higher grades.
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Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Dipstick only urinalysis screen for the pediatric emergency room.
To determine if microscopic urinalysis is needed in all pediatric emergency room patients screened for urinary tract infections (UTI), we compared the dipstick urinalysis and complete urinalysis (dipstick and microscopy) with urine cultures in 236 children, aged 3 weeks to 21 years. The ability to detect UTI by dipstick only and by complete urinalysis was the same, however microscopic evaluation added many false-positive results without detecting additional UTIs. ⋯ S. $32 to U. S. $12.