Pediatric nephrology : journal of the International Pediatric Nephrology Association
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Dysnatremias are among the most common electrolyte abnormalities encountered in hospitalized patients. In most cases, a dysnatremia results from improper fluid management. Dysnatremias can occasionally result in death or permanent neurological damage, a tragic complication that is usually preventable. ⋯ A group at high-risk for neurological damage from hypernatremia in the outpatient setting is that of the breastfed infant. Breastfed infants must be monitored closely for insufficient lactation and receive lactation support. Judicious use of infant formula supplementation may be called for until problems with lactation can be corrected.