Clinical nurse specialist CNS
-
This article provides the reader with a historical perspective of advance directives, the role of surrogate decision making, and the difficulties families encounter surrounding end-of-life decisions. Illustrated with a case study, it includes a framework for advanced practice nurses (APNs) and other health care professionals to assist families in reaching decisions. ⋯ The APN can strive to make Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) discussions a consistent part of the hospital experience. It is hoped that the use of such a framework will improve care at the end of life.