Clinical nurse specialist CNS
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Randomized Controlled Trial
The Effect of the Z-Track Technique on Pain and Drug Leakage in Intramuscular Injections.
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the Z-track technique in the administration of intramuscular diclofenac, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, on pain and drug leakage. ⋯ Drug leakage was reduced when administering intramuscular diclofenac sodium by the Z technique, but pain severity was not significantly reduced.