AIDS
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Results of a model AIDS prevention program for high school students in the Philippines.
To describe the sexual practices of high school students; to describe the process of development of a school-based AIDS prevention program; and to evaluate the effect of this program on students' AIDS-related knowledge, attitudes and AIDS-preventive behaviors. ⋯ A sizable number of Filipino high school students are sexually active but condom use is low. School-based AIDS prevention programs can be developed and implemented in developing countries with the assistance of school personnel to address sexual issues. Our program was successful in increasing AIDS-related knowledge and improving attitudes towards people with AIDS. Supplementation with other preventive activities may be needed to achieve lasting changes in students' risk-taking behavior.
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Clinical Trial Controlled Clinical Trial
Impact of an intervention on HIV, sexually transmitted diseases, and condom use among sex workers in Bombay, India.
To develop and test an HIV intervention targeting sex workers and madams in the brothels of Bombay. ⋯ Both HIV prevalence and incidence are alarmingly high among female sex workers in Bombay. Successful interventions can be developed for these women, and even a partial increase in condom use may decrease the transmission of HIV and sexually transmitted diseases. Intervention programs of longer duration that target madams and clients and make condoms easily available are urgently needed at multiple sites in red-light areas.
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To describe the role of men and women as sources of HIV transmission and to estimate HIV incidence among discordant couples resident in diverse rural communities in Uganda. ⋯ In this Ugandan population, men are the predominant source of new infections in rural villages. Risk factors and preventive behaviors vary with the sex of the infected partner, and seroconversion rates are similar in both sexes.
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To examine the relationship between maternal HIV infection, placental malaria infection, and infant mortality as a first step in investigating the possibility of increased vertical transmission of HIV due to placental malaria infection. ⋯ This study strongly suggests that exposure to both placental malaria infection and maternal HIV infection increases post-neonatal mortality beyond the independent risk associated with exposure to either maternal HIV or placental malaria infection. If confirmed, malaria chemoprophylaxis during pregnancy could decrease the impact of transmission of HIV from mother to infant.