AIDS
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Comparative Study
Antiretroviral therapy in pregnant women with advanced HIV disease and pregnancy outcomes in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.
Pregnancy outcomes in women receiving highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART) in Africa are not well described. ⋯ HAART in pregnant African women with advanced HIV disease substantially reduced mother-to-child transmission, but was associated with LBW.
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HIV increases the risk of tuberculosis directly, through immunosuppression, and indirectly, through onward transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from the increased caseload. We assess the contribution of these two mechanisms by time since seroconversion to HIV. ⋯ For the first time, we have shown that the increase in tuberculosis risk by time since seroconversion reflects both direct effects of HIV increasing susceptibility, and indirect effects due to onward transmission. Innovative and sustained public health measures are needed to reduce Mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission.
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HIV chemoprophylaxis may be a future prevention strategy to help control the global epidemic of HIV/AIDS. Safety and efficacy trials of two agents are currently underway. We assess the expected number of HIV cases prevented and cost-effectiveness of a hypothetical HIV chemoprophylaxis program among men who have sex with men in a large US city. ⋯ HIV chemoprophylaxis among high-risk men who have sex with men in a major US city could prevent a significant number of HIV infections and be cost-effective.