AIDS
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Despite World Health Organization recommendations, concerns about promoting resistance have impeded implementation of isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) for tuberculosis (TB). We describe characteristics of TB in individuals previously exposed to IPT as part of 'Thibela TB', a cluster-randomized trial of community-wide IPT in gold miners in South Africa. ⋯ TB after recent IPT has prevalence of drug resistance similar to background and treatment outcomes typical of this setting. These data support wider implementation of IPT.
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The activity of virus-specific T lymphocytes, among which those capable of a polyfunctional response against the viral protein gag, is crucial to control HIV infection. ⋯ In all the aforementioned phases of HIV infection, the large majority of gag-specific CD4 T lymphocytes cannot be identified by the sole expression of interleukin-2 and interferon-gamma, which is early impaired. Degranulation and helper functions other than Th1 cytokine production are the predominant features of HIV-specific CD4 lymphocytes.