AIDS
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To describe the role of men and women as sources of HIV transmission and to estimate HIV incidence among discordant couples resident in diverse rural communities in Uganda. ⋯ In this Ugandan population, men are the predominant source of new infections in rural villages. Risk factors and preventive behaviors vary with the sex of the infected partner, and seroconversion rates are similar in both sexes.
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To examine the relationship between maternal HIV infection, placental malaria infection, and infant mortality as a first step in investigating the possibility of increased vertical transmission of HIV due to placental malaria infection. ⋯ This study strongly suggests that exposure to both placental malaria infection and maternal HIV infection increases post-neonatal mortality beyond the independent risk associated with exposure to either maternal HIV or placental malaria infection. If confirmed, malaria chemoprophylaxis during pregnancy could decrease the impact of transmission of HIV from mother to infant.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Octreotide therapy of large-volume refractory AIDS-associated diarrhea: a randomized controlled trial.
To compare the effect of octreotide (a long-acting somatostatin analog) to that of antidiarrheal therapy plus placebo on large-volume refractory AIDS-associated diarrhea. ⋯ Octreotide proved to be superior to conventional therapy in this short-term treatment of large-volume refractory AIDS-associated diarrhea.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
AIDS education for primary school children in Tanzania: an evaluation study.
To test the effects of an HIV/AIDS education program. ⋯ These results indicate that it is feasible and effective to provide AIDS education for Tanzanian primary school children.
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To assess the effect of introducing consensus guidelines on avoidable blood transfusions in Mwanza region, Tanzania. ⋯ The development and introduction of consensus guidelines was not sufficient to change prescribing practice. The proportion of avoidable blood transfusions decreased only in hospitals where compliance was maintained through regular clinic meetings and strict supervision by senior medical staff.