Brain injury : [BI]
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Brain injury : [BI] · Jan 2016
Volumetric and morphometric MRI findings in patients with mild traumatic brain injury.
This study compared cortical and sub-cortical volumes between patients with complicated (i.e. presence of intracranial abnormality on the day-of-injury CT) and uncomplicated (i.e. absence of intracranial abnormality) mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) 4 weeks post-injury. The study hypothesized regionally decreased brain volumes and reduced cortical thickness in patients with complicated MTBIs compared with uncomplicated MTBI. ⋯ The study findings suggest that the classification of complicated and uncomplicated MTBI may be too broad to differentiate volumetric and morphometric effects of injury in the early post-injury phase.
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Brain injury : [BI] · Jan 2016
Cognitive reserve and persistent post-concussion symptoms--A prospective mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) cohort study.
Having three or more persisting (i.e. > 3 months) post-concussion symptoms (PCS) affects a significant number of patients after a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). A common complaint is cognitive deficits. However, several meta-analyses have found no evidence of long-term cognitive impairment in mTBI patients. The study sought to answer two questions: first, is there a difference in cognitive performance between PCS and recovered mTBI patients? Second, is lower cognitive reserve a risk factor for developing PCS? ⋯ mTBI may be linked to subtle executive memory deficits. Lower cognitive reserve appears to be a risk factor for PCS and indicates individual vulnerabilities.
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Brain injury : [BI] · Jan 2016
Reducing head computed tomography after mild traumatic brain injury: Screening value of clinical findings and S100B protein levels.
The present prospective study was performed to investigate whether primary clinical findings and serum S100B concentrations at 3 and 6 hours post-trauma can contribute to the selection of patients for an initial computed tomography (CT) scanning. ⋯ Serum S100B measurement along with clinical evaluation of patients with mild traumatic brain injury has promising screening value to support selection of patients for CT scanning.
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Cranioplasty is the surgical answer to cranial defect due to decompressive craniectomy in order to increase patient's safety and for cosmetic reasons. Two main neurological sequelae of skull breaches have been described and cranioplasty has been suggested as a way to treat these neurological symptoms, but its effects on cognitive and motor functions are still unclear. ⋯ Cranioplasty affects the cognitive profile with a non-specific pattern of change. Timing of the cranioplasty plays a key role to enucleate cognitive improvement, indeed greater cognitive changes were seen in patients who had cranioplasty within 6 months following the injury. Thus, cranioplasty must be considered a key factor in neuropsychological recovery and should be performed as soon as possible following the injury in order to take advantage of the window of opportunity for rehabilitation.
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Brain injury : [BI] · Jan 2016
Comparison of pupillary dynamics to light in the mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and normal populations.
To determine if mTBI adversely affects the pupillary light reflex (PLR). ⋯ MTBI adversely affects the PLR. This suggests an impairment of the autonomic nervous system. The findings suggest the potential for quantitative pupillary dynamics to serve as an objective mTBI biomarker.