Fundamental & clinical pharmacology
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Preconditioning, a well established phenomenon had been used since 1980s to attenuate ischaemia-reperfusion induced injury. However, inability to predict the onset of ischaemia in clinical settings led to the discovery of a new concept of postconditioning (PoCo), in 2000s whereby brief repetitive cycles of ischaemia with intermittent reperfusion followed by prolonged ischaemia-elicited tissue protection. ⋯ Remote PoCo has also emerged as a new concept; however, considerable research is required for understanding its molecular mechanisms. In this review, an exhaustive attempt has been made to unearth some molecular aspects of PoCo.