Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
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Endocrinol. Metab. Clin. North Am. · Dec 1999
Review Comparative StudyMonogenic diabetes mellitus in youth. The MODY syndromes.
Maturity onset diabetes of the young is characterized by early onset diabetes inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern. Classic MODY occurs predominantly in Caucasians and presents before age 25, is nonketotic, and is generally not insulin-requiring. Less than 5% of cases of childhood diabetes in Caucasians are caused by MODY. ⋯ The identification of islet autoantibodies is confirmatory evidence of autoimmune (type 1) diabetes. Because testing for MODY mutations is expensive and is performed at a select number of research laboratories only, routine molecular genetic studies to search for the various MODY mutations should be limited to research investigations. In the future, the availability of gene chip technology may allow rapid screening of mitochondrial and MODY mutations.
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Endocrinol. Metab. Clin. North Am. · Sep 1997
ReviewPancreas and islet transplantation. Challenges for the twenty-first century.
This article reviews both pancreas and islet transplantation in detail. The history of each procedure, the effects of these therapies on glucose metabolism, glucose counterregulation, and islet cell secretory function, as well as the challenges that result from each procedure are considered.
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Endocrinol. Metab. Clin. North Am. · Sep 1995
ReviewPotassium homeostasis and hyperkalemic syndromes.
Acute hyperkalemia can be a life-threatening consequence of a variety of pathologic, pharmacologic, and iatrogenic disorders. Recognition and prompt therapy often reverse the electrophysiologic complications within minutes. Therefore, physicians must have a thorough understanding of potassium homeostasis. The causes of hyperkalemia, intracellular-to-extracellular shifts of potassium, excess exogenous potassium loads, and pseudohyperkalemia are discussed.
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Endocrinol. Metab. Clin. North Am. · Dec 1993
ReviewThe use of chemotherapy in the management of neuroendocrine tumors.
This article discusses chemotherapy of neuroendocrine gut and pancreatic tumors and carcinoid tumors. Single-agent and combination chemotherapy in malignant carcinoid tumors are reviewed, as is chemotherapy of endocrine pancreatic tumors and liver-targeted chemotherapy. Future prospects for the use of chemotherapy are included.
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Endocrinol. Metab. Clin. North Am. · Jun 1993
ReviewPathogenesis and prevention of hyponatremic encephalopathy.
Hyponatremia is the most common in-hospital electrolyte abnormality, and it has recently become apparent that there are at least two hyponatremia-associated mechanisms that may induce brain injury. They are hyponatremic encephalopathy and brain damage associated with therapy. The diagnosis of hyponatremia is established easily at virtually no risk to the patient by evaluation of plasma electrolytes. Rapid and appropriate therapy with hypertonic NaCl is indicated prior to respiratory insufficiency to prevent brain damage.