Brain, behavior, and immunity
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Brain Behav. Immun. · Feb 2009
Comparative StudyDifferences in the injury/sprouting response of splenic noradrenergic nerves in Lewis rats with adjuvant-induced arthritis compared with rats treated with 6-hydroxydopamine.
Sympathetic nerves in the spleen undergo an injury and sprouting response with development of adjuvant-induced arthritis (AA), a model of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The objective of the present study was to determine whether this injury and sprouting response is disease-specific or occurs in a non-specific manner similar to injury and sprouting responses following sympathectomy with specific neurotoxins. Changes in noradrenergic (NA) innervation in spleens from Lewis rats 28 days following adjuvant treatment to induce arthritis and/or local 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) treatment to destroy NA nerves were examined using immunocytochemistry for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). ⋯ In arthritic rats, sympathetic nerves returned to normally innervated splenic compartments, but also abundantly innervated red pulp. These findings suggest that splenic sympathetic nerves undergo a disease-associated injury/sprouting response with disease development that alters the normal pattern and distribution of NA innervation. The altered sympathetic innervation pattern is likely to change NA signaling to immune cell targets, which could exert long-term regulatory influences on initiation, maintenance, and resolution of immune responses that impact disease pathology.
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Brain Behav. Immun. · Feb 2009
Clinical TrialToll-like receptor expression on classic and pro-inflammatory blood monocytes after acute exercise in humans.
Monocytes are a heterogeneous group of cells, the relative distribution of which change in peripheral blood following a strenuous bout of aerobic exercise. Monocyte subtypes can be identified in blood based on the cell surface expression of CD14 and CD16: classic (CD14(++bright)/CD16(-negative)) and the CD16(+dim) (CD14(++bright)/CD16(+dim)) and CD16(++bright) (CD14(+dim)/CD16(++bright)) pro-inflammatory subtypes. Whole monocyte population changes in TLR2, TLR4 and HLA. ⋯ We conclude that acute exercise causes localised changes in TLR2, TLR4 and HLA. DR expression within specific blood monocyte subpopulations, and could therefore be occurring at the cellular level. Such alterations might have significant implications for modulation of post-exercise immune surveillance.