Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : official publication of the American Society of Echocardiography
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J Am Soc Echocardiogr · Jun 2013
Left ventricular false tendons: anatomic, echocardiographic, and pathophysiologic insights.
Left ventricular (LV) false tendons are chordlike structures that traverse the LV cavity. They attach to the septum, to the papillary muscles, or to the free wall of the ventricle but not to the mitral valve. They are found in approximately half of human hearts examined at autopsy. ⋯ Some studies have suggested that false tendons reduce the severity of functional mitral regurgitation by stabilizing the position of the papillary muscles as the left ventricle enlarges. LV false tendons may also have deleterious effects and have been implicated in promoting membrane formation in discrete subaortic stenosis. This article reviews current understanding of the anatomy, echocardiographic characteristics, and pathophysiology of these structures.
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J Am Soc Echocardiogr · Jun 2013
Review Multicenter StudyEchocardiographic methods, quality review, and measurement accuracy in a randomized multicenter clinical trial of Marfan syndrome.
The Pediatric Heart Network is conducting a large international randomized trial to compare aortic root growth and other cardiovascular outcomes in 608 subjects with Marfan syndrome randomized to receive atenolol or losartan for 3 years. The authors report here the echocardiographic methods and baseline echocardiographic characteristics of the randomized subjects, describe the interobserver agreement of aortic measurements, and identify factors influencing agreement. ⋯ The echocardiographic methodology, training, and quality review process resulted in a robust evaluation of aortic root dimensions, with excellent reproducibility.
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J Am Soc Echocardiogr · Jun 2013
Mitral valve dynamics in severe aortic stenosis before and after aortic valve replacement.
The aortic and mitral valves are anatomically linked through a fibrous continuity. The investigators hypothesized that severe aortic stenosis (AS) would alter this fibrous continuity, affecting both the mitral valve and left ventricular function, and that mitral valve function would be altered after aortic valve replacement (AVR). The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of AS and its treatment with surgical AVR on the mitral valve. ⋯ Dynamic MA function is changed with AS and after AVR through alterations in the aortic-mitral fibrous continuity. The prosthetic valve ring results in reduced aortic and MA areas, which could affect blood flow in and out of the left ventricle. These changes suggest that the design of future prosthetic aortic valves should be more flexible to preserve the function of the aortic-mitral fibrous continuity.