The Nursing clinics of North America
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Nurses in primary care, maternal child health, and community health practice settings are in a unique position to intervene with clients who are prenatal crack cocaine users. Clinical assessment is considered in both the context of the pregnancy and the crack cocaine use. A synthesis model of intervention related to both the pregnancy and the drug use are outlined to support a healthy baby and a healthy recovery.
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Current knowledge about the use of options for the management of patient pain opposes conventional practice, which is guided by misunderstandings and personal attitudes and beliefs. An understanding of substance abuse and the behavior and needs of the person with substance dependence are important elements in a nurse's knowledge base. ⋯ Effective pain management education needs to be comprehensive and should include not only updated information, but also explore origins of beliefs about pain and substance abuse and how these beliefs affect current practice. This article discusses the common myths that often guide nurses' management of patient pain and offers strategies for care that are based on current understandings.