Nutrition
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The study assessed the adequacy of nutrition support in critically ill infants and children and identifies barriers impeding the delivery of estimated energy requirement (EER). ⋯ This study highlights the inadequacy of nutrition support in critically ill children in the PICU. Restriction of fluid intake was the main barrier to the delivery of adequate nutrition, particularly in infants undergoing cardiac surgery.
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Comparative Study
Validity and accuracy of regional bioelectrical impedance devices to determine whole-body fatness.
Growing emphasis on obesity as a risk factor for chronic diseases and commercial availability of impedance devices for the at-home assessment of body fatness have stimulated the need for a critical evaluation of the validity of these instruments. This study determined the reproducibility and accuracy of two commercial impedance devices that use upper (hand-to-hand) or lower (foot-to-foot) body contact electrode placements in adults with a wide range of body fatness. ⋯ Use of regional impedance devices to assess body fatness is limited by a lack of precision and accuracy.
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Carbohydrate malabsorption in infants has been found to increase nutrient losses. However, the effect of this alteration on daily metabolic rate is unknown. We assessed daily metabolic rates in infants with asymptomatic carbohydrate malabsorption (ACM) after a single fruit juice load. ⋯ Infants with ACM following fruit juice ingestion may have increased daily energy expenditure leading to increased metabolic requirements.
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The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of grape seed extract (GSE) on the fat-metabolizing enzymes pancreatic lipase, lipoprotein lipase, and hormone-sensitive lipase in vitro and evaluate its potential application as a treatment for obesity. ⋯ The GSE rich in compounds that inhibit lipases may provide a safe, natural, and cost-effective weight control treatment.