Nutrition
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Current Parkinson's disease (PD) medications treat symptoms; none can slow down or arrest the disease progression. Disease-modifying therapies for PD remain an urgent unmet clinical need. This review was designed to summarize recent findings regarding to the efficacy of phytochemicals in the treatment of PD and their underlying mechanisms. ⋯ There is now extensive evidence from preclinical studies that neuroprotective phytochemicals as promising candidate drugs for PD are needed to translate from the laboratory to the clinic.
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The association of sorbitol intake with maintaining healthy body weight through the gut microbiome during early life was investigated. ⋯ Sorbitol intake was associated with lower child and adolescent BMI. Sorbitol consumption could shape the composition and richness of beneficial microbiota, contributing to the maintenance of ideal body weight and metabolic homeostasis in early life.
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Carbohydrates can be converted into fatty acids via de novo lipogenesis (DNL). Although DNL is considered inefficient, these endogenous fatty acids contribute substantially to the esterification pathway in adipose tissue, together with fatty acids of feeding. This article revisited the concepts of DNL and aimed to discuss the clinical magnitude of carbohydrate overfeeding and fat mass accumulation. ⋯ Although "fat burns in the flame of carbohydrate" is a praiseworthy phrase that has helped describe basic concepts in biochemistry for many decades, it appears to be overvalued and extrapolated even nowadays. DNL cannot be neglected. It is time to consider DNL an efficient biochemical process in health and disease.
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Early clinical prognosis and mortality reduction remains a challenge in chronic liver disease (CLD). The full potential of the Nutritional Prognostic Index (NPI) for nutritional assessment and management in CLD patients remains unexplored. The aim of this study was to establish an NPI cutoff point for the identification of nutritional risk in advanced CLD (ACLD) patients, as well as to assess the NPI's ability to predict ACLD-associated mortality. ⋯ The NPI is a valuable nutritional marker for the identification of nutritional risk in ACLD and is a simple and effective assessment tool that can aid in early CLD prognosis assessment. Validation, however, remains necessary in other CLD populations of different etiologies.
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Observational Study
Assessment of the adherence to perioperative nutritional care protocols in Brazilian hospitals: The PreopWeek study.
The study (PreopWeek) aimed to assess the perioperative nutritional care for major surgical patients in Brazilian hospitals, focusing on adherence to emerging multimodal protocols like Enhanced Recovery After Surgery and Acceleration of Total Postoperative Recovery. ⋯ Our study demonstrates a lack of adherence to the multimodal protocols, even in hospitals with institutional protocols. Future educational programs are necessary to improve this result.