Nutrition
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When naturally (13)C-enriched carbohydrate is used to label hepatic glycogen, (13)C-liver glycogen oxidation can be monitored subsequently by measuring the (13)C enrichment of breath CO(2) during a sedentary fast. In our previous breath test studies, we used a 1-d labeling protocol to enrich liver glycogen. Others found that after 3 d of labeling the liver glycogen (13)C enrichment is identical to the dietary carbohydrate (13)C enrichment. ⋯ The results indicated that the labeling of liver glycogen is slightly less complete after 1 d on a (13)C-enriched diet as compared with 3-d labeling. Our (13)C breath test results compared rather well with studies from the literature using the (13)C-NMR technique, the D(2)O technique, or the (13)CO(2) breath method to measure liver glycogen oxidation.
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The effects of heat treatment, supplementation of a mineral and vitamin premix, and 4% olive oil on the bioavailability of protein and calcium from Lens culinaris M., var vulgaris, cultivar. magda-20 were studied in growing rats. ⋯ There was a direct correlation between calcium balance and weight gain in animals (r = 0.89) and between the calcium balance and nitrogen balance (r = 0.86).