Nutrition
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Increased Maillard reaction products intake reduces phosphorus digestibility in male adolescents.
To examine the effects of consuming diets rich in Maillard reaction products (MRPs) on phosphorus bioavailability in male adolescents. ⋯ The consumption of a rich-MRP diet in male adolescents had a negative influence on dietary phosphorus absorption, tending to decrease the phosphorus balance. Given the actual dietary habits of adolescents, possible long-term repercussions of this kind of diet should be studied.
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The main objective was to investigate the potential immunomodulatory effects of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) in human cells. ⋯ HMB may be a useful agent to consider for modulation of immune function in specific situations.
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Little evidence exists concerning the effects of trans-10,cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) under energy restriction. Thus, the effects of this CLA isomer on adipose tissue size, liver composition, as well as on expression and activity of carnitine-palmitoyl transferase I (CPT-I) and acyl CoA oxidase (ACO), in hamsters fed an energy-restricted diet were analyzed. ⋯ Energy restriction does not cause trans-10,cis-12 CLA to induce liver hyperplasia. Although this CLA isomer increases liver CPT-I and ACO activities, this effect does not result in reduced hepatic triacylglyerol content or decreased adipose tissue size. Consequently, this CLA isomer seems not to be a useful tool for inclusion in body weight loss strategies followed during obesity treatment.
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We investigated the availability of healthier food choices and whether a healthier diet costs more than a diet commonly eaten by low-income families in South Africa. ⋯ Healthier food choices are, in general, considerably more expensive than commonly consumed foods. As a result, a healthy diet is unaffordable for the large majority of the population.