Nutrition
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Clinical Trial
Gastric emptying, glucose metabolism and gut hormones: evaluation of a common preoperative carbohydrate beverage.
To study the gastric-emptying rate and gut hormonal response of two carbohydrate-rich beverages. A specifically designed carbohydrate-rich beverage is currently used to support the surgical patient metabolically. Fruit-based beverages may also promote recovery, due to natural antioxidant and carbohydrate content. However, gastric emptying of fluids is influenced by its nutrient composition; hence, safety of preoperative carbohydrate loading should be confirmed. Because gut hormones link carbohydrate metabolism and gastric emptying, hormonal responses were studied. ⋯ Fruit-based lemonade is a safe alternative for preoperative purposes. It induces a more limited glucose, insulin, and C-peptide response. Later onset in gastric emptying (B versus A: trend), lower glucagon release, and differences in beverage content and osmolarity may have contributed to those differences. Efficient emptying was reflected by early GLP-1 levels.
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To evaluate the anthropometric status of children of obese (body mass index [BMI] ≥30 kg/m2) mothers who participated during the 2005 National Food Consumption Study. ⋯ Overall, children of obese mothers had significantly higher mean Z-scores than those of mothers who were non-obese. Overweight and obese women were significantly less likely to have stunted or underweight children, whereas underweight women and stunted women were significantly more likely to have underweight and stunted children, respectively.
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Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a disorder in which obesity, insulin resistance, high blood pressure and dyslipidemia coexist. This study assessed the prevalence of MetS and its associated factors in patients who underwent orthotopic liver transplantation (OLTx). ⋯ MetS is highly prevalent among post-OLTx patients and it is predicted by older age, shorter time since transplantation, alcohol abuse as the cause of cirrhosis, excessive weight prior to OLTx, and some potentially modifiable factors such as physical activity reduction after OLTx and low intake of calcium, potassium, fiber, and folic acid.