Nutrition
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The study of music and medicine is a rapidly growing field that in the past, has been largely focused on the use of music as a complementary therapy. Increasing interest has been centered on understanding the physiologic mechanisms underlying the effects of music and, more recently, the suggested role of music in modulating metabolic responses. ⋯ More recent findings have shown a role for music in the metabolic recovery from stress, the regulation of gastric and intestinal motility, the moderation of cancer-related gastrointestinal symptoms, and the increase of lipid metabolism and lactic acid clearance during exercise and postexercise recovery. The purpose of this article is to summarize the most current understanding of the mechanisms by which music affects the metabolic responses in the context of potential applications.
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Infectious complications, including sepsis, that often occur after liver transplantation (LT) comprise the most frequent causes of in-hospital death. This study investigated the predictors of post-transplantation infectious complications to establish a strategy with which to improve short-term outcomes after LT. ⋯ Pretransplantation nutritional intervention and decreases in operative blood loss would help prevent post-transplantation infectious complications from developing during living donor LT. Branched-chain amino acid supplementation before LT affects the occurrence of infectious complications.
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Short sleep duration and low diet quality are associated with weight gain. However, little is known about the relationship between sleep duration and the quality of diets. Therefore, we aimed to compare the diet quality indices and anthropometric measures between short and longer sleepers. ⋯ Our findings confirm the association of short sleep duration and obesity in young female youths. It might be derived from lower diet quality among short sleepers more than longer sleepers.
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Phase II biotransformation of flavonoids generates bioactive metabolites in vivo. However, data on the effect of environmental and physiologic factors and fetal programming on phase II pathways toward flavonoids are limited. We examined the effect of parental exposure to a diet high in saturated fats and fructose 1 mo before conception through lactation on in vitro hepatic uridine 5'-diphosphate (UDP)-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) activity toward quercetin in parent and offspring rats and the interaction between diet and sex. ⋯ High dietary fructose and saturated fat decreased UGT capacity toward quercetin in female rats and in utero exposure to the diet decreased the glucuronidation capacity of their pups.
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Mild to severe iodine deficiency has been documented in China since 1960. To eliminate this persisting iodine deficiency, legislation on universal salt iodization was introduced in 1995 as a long-term public health intervention strategy. We examined the urinary iodine excretion and the iodine content of drinking water and salt samples to assess the benefits and risks of this national strategy. ⋯ In each area, the median urinary iodine of schoolchildren was nearly or above 200 μg/L, which confirmed the effectiveness of the iodization strategy. However, in areas with an iodine content higher than 150 μg/L in the drinking water, the schoolchildren had more than adequate or excessive iodine intake, which was associated with the prevalence of goiter. Therefore, it is important to adjust the strategy of universal salt iodization control in China.