Nutrition
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The aim of this study was to predict the development of hepatic lesions and impairment of function during the development of fetuses (13-, 15-, 17-, and 19-d-old embryos) of diabetic and hypercholesterolemic mothers. ⋯ These results suggested that maternal diabetes and hypercholesterolemia predicted early hepatitis and increased apoptosis in mothers and their fetuses as a result of oxidative stress and elevated apoptic markers caspases 3 and 9.
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There is a relationship between emotional disorders, obesity, and craving for carbohydrates. This relationship complicates the success of treatments aimed at combatting obesity, which is considered to be the epidemic of the twenty-first century. We conducted a review of the neurobiologic basis for carbohydrate craving, with the hope that this understanding will enable the design of more efficient therapeutic strategies. ⋯ The models that integrate motivational systems with palatability and hedonic response studies are the ones that we believe can best explain both craving for carbohydrates and related addictive phenomena. Research has contributed to a greater understanding of the neurobiologic basis of carbohydrate craving. The latter, in turn, contributes to an understanding of the implications, challenges, and possible therapies that might be put in place to cope with this phenomenon.