Nutrition
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Increased plasma selenium is associated with better outcomes in children with systemic inflammation.
The aim of this study was to assess the effects of changes in plasma selenium on the outcome of critically ill children. ⋯ An increase in plasma selenium is independently associated with shorter times of ventilation and ICU stay in children with systemic inflammation. These findings raise the hypothesis that selenium supplementation could be beneficial in children with critical illnesses.
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of long-term energy restriction (ER) on plasma, liver, and skeletal muscle metabolite profiles in aging rats fed a Western-style diet. ⋯ Although steatosis was reduced, the beneficial effects of ER on systemic insulin resistance and plasma and skeletal muscle metabolites observed elsewhere with a balanced diet seem to be compromised by high-sucrose and low ω-3 PUFA intake.
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To investigate the active factors and the intervention effect of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) during intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury, which causes the inflammation of monocytes-macrophages cultured in lymph fluid and stimulated with ω-3 PUFAs. ⋯ The factors induced in lymph during intestinal I/R injury can cause inflammation in vitro. These data provide in vitro evidence that ω-3 PUFAs provide a protective effect by reducing the inflammatory response caused by intestinal I/R lymph. Moreover, the synergism of EPA and DHA had the greatest effect, which is possibly mediated through Toll-like receptor 4 and nuclear factor-κB p65.
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Three separate studies were performed with the aim to 1) determine the effect of a single sodium pyruvate intake on the blood acid-base status in males and females; 2) compare the effect of sodium and calcium pyruvate salts and establish their role in the lipolysis rate; and 3) quantify the effect of single pyruvate intake on the resting energy metabolism. ⋯ Pyruvate intake induced mild alkalization in a sex-dependent fashion. Moreover, it accelerated carbohydrate metabolism and delayed the rate of glycerol appearance in the blood, but had no effect on the resting energy expenditure. Furthermore, sodium salt seems to have had a greater effect on the blood buffering level than calcium salt.
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The aim of this study was to estimate the weighted mean effect of vitamin D supplementation in reducing depressive symptoms among individuals aged ≥18 y diagnosed with depression or depressive symptoms. ⋯ Future RCTs examining the effect of vitamin D supplementation among individuals who are both depressed and vitamin D deficient are needed.