Nutrition
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The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between sodium and potassium intakes and blood pressure (BP) in a clinical sample. ⋯ In the present study, a high dietary sodium intake and high sodium-to-potassium ratio predicted high SBP. This suggests a need to focus dietary advice on reduction of sources of sodium and increasing sources of potassium in weight loss interventions to improve BP control.
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Excessive energy intake during evening hours is associated with several health problems. The aim of this study was to investigate for the first time the possible association of late-night overeating with breakfast habits and obesity in a large sample of Greek children ages 9 to 13 y. ⋯ Late-night overeating is associated with skipping and/or consuming a smaller breakfast. In children with low levels of physical activity, it is associated with increased body mass index. Future relevant studies are essential to further explore and confirm the findings of the present study.
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Controlling antioxidant supplementation in athletes involved in studies related to oxidative stress and muscle damage is the key to ensure results. The aim of this study was to confirm through high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis whether well-trained individuals lied during a personal interview when asked if they were taking supplements with antioxidants, and how this could affect oxidative stress, muscle damage, and antioxidant response. ⋯ Data from the present study reveal that 20% of participants lied in the exclusion criteria of antioxidant supplementation in a personal interview, as they showed high plasmatic α-tocopherol concentrations after HPLC verification. Catalase activity seems to be affected by high α-tocopherol plasma levels. Therefore, we strongly recommend the HPLC analysis as a necessary tool to verify the antioxidant intake and preserve results in studies linking oxidative stress and sport.
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the types and levels of physical activity in conjunction with protein intake and vitamin D on sarcopenia and obesity status in an elderly population. ⋯ These data suggest that sarcopenia had a significant association with metabolic-related factors; physical activity, especially vigorous activity; and protein intake and vitamin D levels in a non-obese elderly population. Therefore, maintaining healthy body weight by means of resistance exercise and enhanced protein intake and vitamin D may help offset sarcopenia in this age group.
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Observational Study
Body adiposity predictors of vitamin D status in nondialyzed patients with chronic kidney disease: A cross-sectional analysis in a tropical climate city.
The association of vitamin D status with high body adiposity is poorly investigated in the chronic kidney disease (CKD) population. The aim of the present study was to describe vitamin D status and to identify body adiposity predictors of vitamin D deficiency, in a nondialyzed CKD population inhabiting a tropical city. ⋯ Just under half of the CKD population presented sufficient concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D. Total body adiposity, independent of age and eGFR, regardless if evaluated by DXA or BAI, was the predictor of vitamin D deficiency, which in turn was associated with higher serum phosphorus and hyperparathyroidism, but not with IR.