Nutrition
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The aim of this study was to investigate food consumption during pregnancy by determining dietary patterns, associations with maternal characteristics, and possible changes in adherence to patterns throughout pregnancy. ⋯ We found associations between maternal sociodemographic characteristics and adherence to different dietary patterns, as well as changes in adherence during pregnancy. This knowledge is relevant to creating specific and feasible guidelines for different population strata associated with the patterns.
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Breastfeeding rates in many countries fall short of the World Health Organization's recommendations. It has been reported that exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) is negatively associated with obesity; however, the association varies with ethnicity, and little information is available from Asia. We explored whether prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG) were associated with initiation of EBF. ⋯ This study suggested that prepregnancy obesity is a risk factor for EBF initiation among Japanese women.
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The aim of this study was to determine whether hepatic gene expression related to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is associated with disease severity and modifiable lifestyle factors in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). ⋯ HCC-related gene expression was associated with liver histology, body mass index, waist circumference, diet, and physical activity but was not affected by ω-3 PUFA supplementation.
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The aim of this study was to identify and cluster potential sociodemographic and lifestyle determinants of excess weight (body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2) in Switzerland. ⋯ We identified four discrete subgroups of individuals with excess weight who differed by sociodemographic and lifestyle factors. Such subgroups may prove useful for targeted public health interventions.
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Observational Study
Hyperphagia in short bowel patients: Fat-free mass is a strong predictor.
Some patients with short bowel syndrome (SBS) develop hyperphagic behavior. Such an increase in food intake stimulates intestinal adaptation and limits dependence on parenteral nutrition (PN). The aim of this study was to determine the factors modulating food consumption in patients with SBS. ⋯ Fat-free mass is a strong predictor of OEI in patients with SBS on PN and without debilitating gastrointestinal symptoms. Increasing fat-free mass could be a way to stimulate OEI in these patients. Further studies are needed to assess this assumption.