Nutrition
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The aim of this study was to access the association between overweight or obesity and abdominal obesity (AO) and cardiometabolic risk factors (CRF) of schoolchildren. ⋯ The relationship between increased body weight or AO and CRF, described in the present data, reinforces the importance of early prevention of excess weight in children.
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Dietary fibers, such as pectins, are blended in liquid diets (LDs) to prevent diarrhea; however, which type of pectin is more effective, along with its mechanism of action, remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the gelling characteristics, fermentability, fecal properties, and motility of the colon during the administration of LDs blended with pectins. ⋯ In the colon, LM or VLMA could form a water-holding gel with calcium ions to produce normal feces. The mechanical stimulation of the formed fecal mass might induce physiological colonic contractions.
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Nutrition backlash is a disposition defined by negative feelings about dietary recommendations. Past research has measured nutrition backlash using the nutrition backlash scale (NBS) and found that it is negatively related to the consumption of fruits and vegetables. The aim of this study was to examine several aspects of the NBS, including factor structure, discriminant validity, and relationship to demographic characteristics and health behaviors. ⋯ A six-item version of the NBS was found to be reliable, discriminant from related measures, higher in underserved groups (less-educated, non-white, and male participants), and related to nutrition label use.
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Diets may alter an individual's metabolism and inflammation, collectively leading to the modulation of cardiovascular health and disease process. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of diets and diet-associated metabolites on metabolic profiles, inflammatory status, and severity of atherosclerosis. ⋯ Independent of the pattern of strict vegetarian foods, individuals who consumed more vegetables, fresh fruit, and water showed better cardiovascular health as evidenced by their metabolic and inflammatory status and CIMT results.
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Dietary diversity in early life can prevent all forms of malnutrition and can establish a healthier dietary pattern for later life. However, multicountry national estimates are lacking. The aim of this study was to estimate the proportion of infants and young children (IYC) meeting the minimum dietary diversity (MMD), minimum meal frequency (MMF), and minimum acceptable diet (MAD). ⋯ Closing the gap in dietary inequalities between and within countries is urgently needed to prevent wider, long-term socioeconomic and health inequalities. Diet-quality targets should be set and monitored routinely to promote dietary diversity and prevent all forms of malnutrition.