Nutrition
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Persistent low-grade inflammation is related to the development of many chronic diseases. The dietary inflammatory index (DII®) is designed to assess the potential effects of diet on an individual's inflammation status. The aim of this study was to evaluate the construct validity of the DII using inflammation biomarkers in Japanese adults. ⋯ Null findings in women may reflect the generally lower levels of chronic systemic inflammation among Japanese versus their Western counterparts. These findings indicate that DII may be applied to measure the potential effects of diet on chronic diseases through inflammatory pathways in Japanese men.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Parenteral amino acid supplementation with high-dose insulin prevents hypoaminoacidemia during cardiac surgery.
Surgery triggers a stress response that produces insulin resistance and hyperglycemia. During cardiac surgery, the administration of high-dose insulin along with dextrose titration maintains normoglycemia, but dramatically decreases plasma amino acids (AAs) compared with preoperative fasting levels. Hypoaminoacidemia limits protein synthesis and prevents anabolic responses after surgery. We investigated whether parenteral infusion of AAs during and immediately after cardiac surgery would prevent hypoaminoacidemia in patients who receive high-dose insulin therapy. ⋯ AA supplementation at 35% REE, but not 20% REE, can effectively prevent hypoaminoacidemia caused by high-dose insulin therapy during cardiac surgery.
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Ensuring adequate nutritional support in patients with walled-off pancreatic necrosis (WON) is challenging and weight loss is often considerable. The aim of this study was to evaluate resting energy expenditure (REE) and body composition in patients with WON. ⋯ In patients with WON, an increased REE appears to predict increased muscle and fat loss. Additional studies are necessary to evaluate if REE may be used to improve nutritional support.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Effect of whole-course nutrition management on patients with esophageal cancer undergoing concurrent chemoradiotherapy: A randomized control trial.
Malnutrition is the most common complication of patients with esophageal cancer and can lead to poor prognosis and death. Good nutritional status has been shown to help improve patient outcomes and reduce complications. In the absence of specific evidence on the effect of nutrition in patients with esophageal cancer, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of whole-course nutrition management on the prognosis and complications of chemoradiotherapy in patients with esophageal cancer through a randomized controlled trial. ⋯ Whole-course nutrition management can improve the nutritional status of patients with esophageal cancer treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy, reduce the severity of radiation esophagitis and radiation skin reactions, improve the quality of life, and relieve depressive symptoms.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Individual dietary intervention in adult patients with mitochondrial disease due to the m.3243 A>G mutation.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of an individually tailored dietary intervention on personalized goals, body composition (BC), functioning, and quality of life (QoL) in adult patients with mitochondrial disease (MD) due to the m.3243 A>G mutation. ⋯ An individually tailored dietary intervention is promising to achieve personalized goals of patients with MD, especially with regard to BC, HGS, and gastrointestinal complaints. The intervention also improves QoL, and decreases fatigue.