Nutrition
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The aim of this study was to examine the time scale of plasma fatty acid changes during transition to an exclusively plant- and fish-based diet in healthy individuals and determine whether there are associated alterations in arachidonic acid (ARA)-derived inflammatory mediators, estimated stearoyl coenzyme A desaturase (SCD) activity, and blood pressure. ⋯ Shifting to a plant- and fish-based diet produces rapid and sustained increases in ω-3 LC-PUFAs and decreases the ω-6 PUFA ARA and its precursors, consistent with a cardio-protective profile. The rapid response suggests that these biomarkers may be useful for assessment of diet interventions.
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This study explores the effects of fecal microbiota from children with vitamin A (VA) deficiency on colonic mucosal barrier function. ⋯ These data suggest that fecal microbiota from children with VA deficiency attenuates colonic barrier function in GF mice, which may be achieved by changing the bile acid metabolic pathways.
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Alzheimer's disease (AD) correlates with the dysfunction of metabolic pathways that translates into neurological symptoms. An arginine deficiency, a precursor of nitric oxide (NO), has been reported for patients with AD. We aimed to evaluate the effect of citrulline oral supplementation on cognitive decline in an AD murine model. ⋯ Citrulline oral administration is a viable treatment for memory improvement in the early stages of AD, pointing to NO as a viable, efficient target for memory dysfunction in AD.
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Curcumin (Cur) has a beneficial role in preventing metabolic dysfunctions; however, the underlying mechanism are not yet fully understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the beneficial metabolic effects of curcumin are associated with the regulation of energy metabolism and activation of fibronectin type 3 domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5)/irisin. ⋯ These findings demonstrated that dietary Cur alleviated diet-induced adiposity by improving insulin sensitivity and whole body energy metabolism via the FNDC5/p38 MAPK/ERK pathways.