Nutrition
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The aims of this study were to examine the association between osteoporotic vertebral compression refractures (OVCRFs) and visceral fat and to identify other risk factors for OVCRFs. ⋯ High VFA is a highly independent risk factor for OVCRFs. Other factors affecting OVCRFs include belonging to the female sex and low BMD. In overweight and obese patients, high VFA and low BMD are independent risk factors for OVCRFs.
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Childhood obesity remains one of the most significant challenges in public health globally. ⋯ Findings from the present study suggested that future school- and community-based initiatives in Europe that aim to prevent childhood obesity should also target the home environment, parenting beliefs, and practices. Programs designed to educate, facilitate, and support parents to adopt a healthy and active lifestyle with their children would empower parents to be agents of good role models and are probably the most efficient ways forward to tackle the childhood obesity epidemic. Future longitudinal intervention studies are needed to confirm the long-term efficacy of positive parenting in reducing childhood overweight/obesity.
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Observational Study
Body composition in patients with hepatic glycogen storage diseases.
The present study aimed to evaluate the body composition of hepatic glycogen storage disorders (GSDs) through dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. ⋯ These findings suggest a high frequency of elevated FM in patients with hepatic GSDs. We also suggest that treatment with UCCS is associated with excess weight in these patients. Additionally, the treatment strategy can impair protein intake, and lead to a decrease in LM.
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An increasing population in many countries consume diets high in fat and refined sugars (often in carbonated soda). Although high-fat diets have been extensively studied, less attention has been paid to carbonated soda. The aim of this study was to investigate the combined effects of a high-fat diet and soda consumption on oxidative stress and inflammation in Wistar rats. ⋯ The results from this study demonstrated that a HFD in combination with soda increased the effects of oxidative stress and inflammation in Wistar rats.
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Although low-quality diets and smoking are independently associated with higher mortality risk, a joint analysis of both risk factors in relation to mortality has not been sufficiently studied. The aim of this study was to explore the effect modification between level of adherence to a Mediterranean dietary pattern (MedDiet) and smoking status on all-cause, cancer, and cardiovascular mortality. ⋯ Smoking and poor adherence to the MedDiet exerted a multiplicative effect in increasing all-cause mortality and cancer-related mortality in a Spanish population of university graduates.