Nutrition
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Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are linked to excessive adiposity and anthropometric indices can be used to identify those at risk. The aim of this study was to evaluate the precision of anthropometric indices in identifying obesity and risk factors for NCDs and to investigate the emergence of obesity-related NCDs in young women in Sri Lanka. ⋯ BMI, WC, WHtR, and HC are intercorrelated anthropometric measurements that can be used either alone or in combination to define obesity and detect the risk for NCDs, including diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, and infertility. On the other hand, BMI, ABSI, and HI are designed to be mutually independent indices and have the advantage of combining the separate risks to generate an overall ARI. Furthermore, ARI appears to be a highly effective predictor of cardiovascular disease.
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The aim of this study is to develop predictive body fat mass models, one for newborns and one for infants, using air displacement plethysmography as a reference method. ⋯ This work determined equations to estimate the BFM of term newborns and infants. The models can be used in clinical practice, especially in health units without access to technologies for measuring body composition, adding important information for nutritional monitoring.
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This study was performed to assess the effects of long-term intake of a very high carbohydrate (VHCHO) diet (76% of total energy from carbohydrate [CHO]) on whole-body glucose tolerance and hepatic insulin resistance. ⋯ The results of the present study suggest that long-term intake of a VHCHO diet exerts differential effects on whole-body glucose tolerance and hepatic insulin resistance.
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The ketogenic diet (KD) is recommended to improve polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS); however, its mechanisms of action are unclear. We aimed to study the effects and mechanisms of action of the KD on the gut microbiome and metabolites in PCOS rats and determine whether the sex hormone regulatory effects are related to modulations of the gut microbiota and metabolites. ⋯ The KD improved the clinical phenotype and insulin resistance in PCOS rats and altered the composition of the gut microbiome and metabolites, which were associated with androgen metabolism, representing a potential mechanism for mediating the effects of the KD on sex hormone metabolism in PCOS. However, our study found contradictory effects of KD on the gut microbiome in PCOS, which need further research.
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The aim of this study was to examine the effects of probiotic supplementation on extensor digitorum longus (EDL) regeneration after grafting in mice. ⋯ Results of the present study regarding better regeneration of skeletal muscle fibers in the probiotic-supplemented mice than the control grafts warrant further molecular-level investigation to understand the underlying mechanism mediating the process of skeletal muscle fiber regeneration. Probiotics possibly modulate the process of muscle fiber regeneration by adjusting the composition of gut microbiota.