Nutrition
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The aim of this study was to ascertain the accuracy of phase angle (PhA) as a predictor of mortality during intensive care unit (ICU) stay (MICU) and at 28 (M28) and 60 d (M60) after ICU admission among patients aged >60 y. ⋯ Low PhA values are associated with higher late mortality and a short survival time at 60 d in critically ill older adults. Low PhA values can be considered a useful ICU prognostic score in similar populations.
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We assessed the effects of oral immunonutrition (OI) on the inflammatory infiltration of the tumor microenvironment (TME) of patients undergoing surgery for gastric cancer. ⋯ The administration of OI in patients with gastric cancer might determine changes in inflammatory patterns of the TME.
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Review Meta Analysis
Prognostic values of myosteatosis for overall survival in patients with gastric cancers: A meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis.
Gastric cancer is among the most common and lethal cancers worldwide. Recently, studies have reported that myosteatosis is a prognosticator for adverse survival outcomes in patients with gastric cancer, but with inconsistent conclusions. Therefore, this meta-analysis aimed to systematically quantify the predictive power of myosteatosis for overall survival in the gastric cancer setting. ⋯ Myosteatosis was identified as a strong predictor of reduced overall survival in the gastric cancer population.
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To our knowledge, evidence regarding the association of a low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) with the risk for stroke is limited. The aim of this study was to examine the association between an LCD and stroke in a population with relatively high-carbohydrate intake and risk for stroke and use a meta-analysis to update the evidence. ⋯ In a population consuming high levels of carbohydrates and low levels of protein and fat, a moderate level of animal-based LCD, but not plant-based LCD, was associated with a lower risk for stroke.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Gene-diet interaction in response to defatted flaxseed flour supplementation on obesity-related traits in Chinese overweight and obese adults: A randomized controlled trial.
Effects of dietary fiber on obesity-related traits in previous studies were inconsistent. The aim of the present study was to explore whether variants in genes related to satiety and appetite can modulate the effect of dietary fiber on obesity-related traits. Fifty-one overweight or obese adults were randomly allocated to two groups to consume control biscuits (n = 24) or biscuits containing defatted flaxseed flour (n = 27) at breakfast for 8 wk. ⋯ Compared with control biscuits, defatted flaxseed-flour biscuits significantly reduced body weight (P = 0.001) and body mass index (BMI) (P = 0.001) in A-allele carriers (AA + AT) of rs11076023 on the FTO gene but not in non-carriers (TT) (P for the interaction = 0.005 and 0.006) and decreased fasting serum glucose in participants with CC genotype (P = 0.019) but had less effect in T-allele carriers (TT + TC) (P = 0.021) of rs16147 on the NPY gene (P for the interaction = 0.002). Compared with the control biscuits, defatted flaxseed flour significantly reduced body weight (P < 0.001) in T-allele carriers (TT + TC) of rs155971 on the PCSK1 gene but not in non-carriers (CC) (P for the interaction = 0.041) and reduced body weight (P = 0.001) and BMI (P < 0.001) in A-allele carriers (AA + AG) of rs6265 on the BDNF gene but not non-carriers (GG) (P for the interaction = 0.017 and 0.018). Variants of genes related to satiety and appetite could modulate the effect of defatted flaxseed flour on obesity-related traits.