Nutrition
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Cardiac diastolic dysfunction (left ventricular diastolic dysfunction [LVDD]) is a well-known predictor of heart failure. We hypothesized that sarcopenia is independently associated with diastolic dysfunction. We aimed to investigate the association of the most recent consensus definition of sarcopenia with LVDD. ⋯ This study revealed sarcopenia to be a new risk factor for diastolic dysfunction, adding to its known risk factors. Future longitudinal studies are needed to clarify the factors underlying their copresence.
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Significant variability exists in the contrast phases applied during computed tomography (CT) studies when assessing morphometric measurements of muscle area (CT-assessed sarcopenia) and density (CT-assessed myosteatosis) and visceral adipose tissue area (CT-assessed visceral obesity). This study explored the impact of contrast phase timing on changes in morphometric measurements of body composition. ⋯ Different CT contrast phases induce small but clinically significant alterations in the measurements of muscle area and density and visceral fat. Such minor changes can result in misclassification issues when fixed cutoff values are used to diagnose myosteatosis with CT. This underscores the importance of reporting absolute values and the specific contrast phase used in future studies.
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Malnutrition and nutritional risk are risk factors for many adverse health outcomes in older adults, but they have rarely been assessed in China. The aim of this study was to evaluate the availability of Elderly Nutritional Indicators for Geriatric Malnutrition Assessment (ENIGMA), a nutritional scale originally developed to predict mortality, in assessing nutritional risks and predicting adverse health outcomes in Chinese community-dwelling older adults. ⋯ ENIGMA could serve as a nutritional risk screening tool that has a robust role in predicting cognitive impairment, functional limitation, and frailty in Chinese community-dwelling older adults. It may be recommended for early nutritional risk screening and has the potential to guide early nutritional intervention in communities and primary care settings in China.
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We hypothesized that a low fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols (FODMAP) diet may be associated with the disease severity of ulcerative colitis (UC). Therefore, this cross-sectional study was undertaken to assess the association between FODMAP score and UC severity. ⋯ The results of the present study showed that there was no significant association between the FODMAP score and UC severity. However, considering the limitations of the study, more studies with prospective and interventional designs using more accurate methods of dietary assessments are needed to confirm these preliminary results.
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To investigate the association of mental health in childhood and adolescence with four outcomes at 18 years: ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption, body mass index (BMI), excessive weight (EW), and body composition, including fat mass (FM) and fat free mass (FFM) in kg, FM index (FMI) and FFM index (FFMI) in kg/m2. ⋯ Among children and adolescents showing symptoms of EXT disorders, weight should be monitored carefully, thus ultimately contributing to reduce the burden of EW in adolescence.