Nutrition
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Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive condition affecting metabolic pathways and physiological mechanisms. In Spain, CKD prevalence has risen, increasing patients requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT). Managing nutritional status in advanced CKD (ACKD) patients is crucial as it influences disease progression and quality of life. This study aims to describe the nutritional status of predialysis patients at University Hospital Reina Sofia, Cordoba, Spain, and develop a quick and easy model for estimating body fat percentage without bioimpedance. ⋯ Accurately assessing body composition in CKD patients is crucial as traditional measures like BMI may not capture health risks effectively. The developed model offers a practical alternative to bioimpedance for estimating body fat percentage, potentially improving CKD management and patient outcomes. Further validation in diverse populations and integration with lifestyle interventions is needed.
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The association between dysphagia and activities of daily living in patients with stroke has been reported, but the effect of improved dysphagia on the increase in trunk muscle mass is not clear. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between improved dysphagia and increased trunk muscle mass in older patients with stroke. ⋯ Improved dysphagia was independently associated with trunk muscle mass gain, suggesting that improved dysphagia is important for trunk muscle mass gain in patients with stroke.
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A healthy and balanced diet is crucial to maintaining optimal health. Understanding the benefits of different food components is essential. The polyamine spermidine is linked to age-related disease protection, but daily intakes and whether these vary with age are unknown. This study aimed to determine polyamine intake in a Mediterranean diet population and its association with participants' age and Healthy Eating Index (HEI) and Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) scores. ⋯ Polyamine intake was higher than reported in other populations, did not decrease based on age, and was associated with healthy eating and anti-inflammatory foods.
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To synthesize evidence from fruit and vegetable intervention studies investigating mental or cognitive health outcomes (or both) in children ≤10 y. Our aim was to understand the efficacy of such interventions in improving measures of cognitive performance or mental health and to identify successful intervention elements to inform future research. ⋯ The studies identified through this systematic review could not directly address the planned research question, resulting in poor certainty of evidence. Future research with whole fruit and vegetable interventions could better inform population health strategies for improved mental and cognitive health outcomes in children.
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Comparative Study
Comparison of Two Techniques to Assess Muscle Mass Loss During ICU Stay: Muscle Ultrasound vs Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis.
Muscle wasting is a prevalent issue among long-term critically ill patients and is associated with adverse clinical outcomes. Evaluating muscle mass in the ICU presents challenges due to the lack of a consistent methodology and the significant impact of fluid balance range in ICU patients. This prospective study aimed to compare the utility of bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and ultrasound (US) for monitoring muscle wasting in critically ill patients over an initial seven-day period of critical illness. ⋯ Ultrasound was a more suitable method for assessing and monitoring muscle wasting during ICU stays, while bioelectrical impedance analysis failed to demonstrate a comparable degree of muscle loss at Days 5 and 7. This study highlights the importance of selecting an appropriate assessment method based on the specific clinical context, emphasizing the reliability of US in evaluating muscle wasting among critically ill patients.