The European respiratory journal : official journal of the European Society for Clinical Respiratory Physiology
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study
Efficacy, safety and tolerability of linezolid for the treatment of XDR-TB: a study in China.
Linezolid may be effective in treating multidrug-resistant tuberculosis and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis. We conducted a prospective, multicentre, randomised study to further evaluate the efficacy, safety and tolerability of linezolid in patients with extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis in China. 65 patients who had culture-positive sputum for extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis were randomly assigned to a linezolid therapy group or a control group. Patients in the two groups adopted a 2-year individually based chemotherapy regimen. ⋯ The treatment success rate in linezolid therapy group was 69.7%, significantly higher than that in the control group (34.4%, p=0.004). 27 (81.8%) patients had clinically significant adverse events in the linezolid group, of whom 25 (93%) patients had events that were possibly or probably related to linezolid. Most adverse events resolved after reducing the dosage of linezolid or temporarily discontinuing linezolid. Linezolid containing chemotherapy for treatment of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis may significantly promote cavity closure, increase sputum culture-conversion rate and improve treatment success rate.
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Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) (resistance to at least isoniazid and rifampicin) will influence the future of global TB control. 88% of estimated MDR-TB cases occur in middle- or high-income countries, and 60% occur in Brazil, China, India, the Russian Federation and South Africa. The World Health Organization collects country data annually to monitor the response to MDR-TB. Notification, treatment enrolment and outcome data were summarised for 30 countries, accounting for >90% of the estimated MDR-TB cases among notified TB cases worldwide. ⋯ In 15 of the 30 countries, the number of patients treated for MDR-TB in 2012 (71 681) was >50% higher than in 2011. Median treatment success was 53% (interquartile range 40-70%) in the 25 countries reporting data for 30 021 MDR-TB cases who started treatment in 2010. Although progress has been noted in the expansion of MDR-TB care, urgent efforts are required in order to provide wider access to diagnosis and treatment in most countries with the highest burden of MDR-TB.
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The CFTR gene displays a tightly regulated tissue-specific and temporal expression. Mutations in this gene cause cystic fibrosis (CF). In this study we wanted to identify trans-regulatory elements responsible for CFTR differential expression in fetal and adult lung, and to determine the importance of inhibitory motifs in the CFTR-3'UTR with the aim of developing new tools for the correction of disease-causing mutations within CFTR. ⋯ Phe508del CFTR mutation. These MBBOs rescued CFTR channel activity by increasing CFTR mRNA and protein levels. Our data offer new understanding of the control of the CFTR gene regulation and new putative correctors for cystic fibrosis.