European journal of clinical nutrition
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Randomized Controlled Trial
The influence of caffeine on energy content of sugar-sweetened beverages: 'the caffeine-calorie effect'.
Caffeine is a mildly addictive psychoactive chemical and controversial additive to sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs). The objective of this study is to assess if removal of caffeine from SSBs allows co-removal of sucrose (energy) without affecting flavour of SSBs, and if removal of caffeine could potentially affect population weight gain. ⋯ These data suggest the extra energy in SSBs as a result of caffeine's effect on sweetness may be associated with adult and child weight gain.